When the US Naval fleet arrived in Manilla, the Spanish fleet was burning, sunk, or sinking by 11AM.

Filipinos issued the Philippine Declaration of Independence, formed a national government, and designed a national flag.

In a treaty negotiated after the surrender, the United States “bought” and annexed the Philippines from Spain for $20 million.

Filipinos felt betrayed and fought off better-trained and better-armed U.S. troops. 

When the revolt was finally put down, the Americans set up a nonmilitary government to “prepare Filipinos for independence.” In 1946, the Philippines finally gained full independence from the United States.