Periodic Table Organiztion

•  The Rows of the periodic table are called periods – Represent energy levels

•  The Columns of the periodic table are called groups – Represent chemical properties

3 Main Categories of the Periodic Table

• Metals – Everything to the left of the stair step

• Non-Metals – Everything to the right of the stair step

• Metalloids – The atoms along the stair steps

Metals

• Group 1: Alkali Metals

• Group 2: Alkaline Earth Metals

• Groups 3-12: Transition Metals

• Lanthanides and Actinides are also transition metals but were placed at the bottom so it wouldn't be so wide. Actinides are all radioactive (unstable)

Group 1: Alkali Metals

• These metals are extremely reactive

• Never found in nature in their pure form

• Silver colored and shiny

• Density is extremely low so that they are soft enough to be cut with a knife

Group 2: Alkaline-earth Metals

• Slightly less reactive than alkali metals

• They are silver colored

• More dense than alkali metals

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Group 17: Halogens

• All nonmetals

• Very reactive

• Poor conductors of heat and electricity

• Tend to form salts with metals

Groups 18: Noble Gases

• Unreactive nonmetal

• Colorless, odorless gas at room temp

• All found in earth's atmosphere in small amounts

• Full outer energy levels

Metalloids

• Have properties of both metals and nonmetals

• All are solids at room temp

• More brittle than metals, less brittle than nonmetals

• semiconductors of electricity (makes them useful for computers)

Types of Ions