The Crust is the Outermost layer, and there are two types: Oceanic and Continental.

Oceanic crust is denser than continental crust, and has twice as much iron, calcium, and magnesium.

The crust is one of two parts of the Lithosphere of the Earth. The other part of the Lithosphere is the outermost layer of the Mantle.

Notes: What are the Layers of the Earth?

The Mantle is between the Core and the Crust. The Mantle is made of hot, slow-flowing, rock (magma). Convection occurs in this layer (hot magma goes up, "cool" magma goes down)

.

The Mantle is denser than the crust (allowing the crust to "float" on it), and geologists believe that the main factor for the motion of plate tectonics is convection currents that occurs in the mantle.

Notes: What are the Layers of the Earth?

The Lithosphere is made up of tectonic plates that move in different directions and speeds.

As mentioned previously, scientists believe that convection currents in the Earth's Mantle cause the plates to move.

Plate tectonics give us mountains, mid-ocean ridges, seafloor spread, and earthquakes.

Notes: How does the Earth Move?

Energy
Stores
Table

A N E X A M P L E O F

A T H E R M A L

E N E R G Y

T R A N S F E R B Y
H E A T I N G , I S A

H O T C O F F E E
H E A T I N G U P
C O L D H A N D S

Thermal energy is

transferred by heating from

the hot coffee to the mug

and to the cold hands

Sankey diagram is a way
of using picture to show
how energy is going in to
a system, how much useful
energy is coming out, and
how much energy is lost
by system.

SANKEY
DIAGRAM

Sankey
Diagram

for

Electrical

Bulb

Heat (q)

• energy that flows from a system to its surrounding

• measured in J

• q = positive = heat released from system into surroundings = exothermic

• q = negative = heat absorbed into system from surroundings = endothermic

• sig figs become very important here (as we often only have 2, due to temp - don't round early!)