Gene Regulation and Mutation Lesson

​Mutation – change in DNA sequence

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Mutations can be induced by a multitude of environmental factors

• Radiation

• Chemicals

• Infectious Diseases​

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Deletion mutation – one or more nucleotides is removed from a DNA sequence​

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Deletion mutations cause frameshift (the entire amino acid sequence is altered past the deletion)

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**count the #of nucleotides*​

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Insertion mutation – one or more nucleotides is added to a DNA sequence​

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Insertion mutations cause frameshift also (the entire amino acid sequence is altered past the deletion)

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**count the #of nucleotides*​

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Substitution mutation – one or more nucleotides is substituted for different nucleotides in a DNA sequence​

Do not cause frameshift

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Silent mutations: the mutation does not affect the sequence of amino acids

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​Chromosomal Mutations- a large scale change

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in a specific section of the DNA 🡪

causes a protein to malfunction

causes a different protein to be made

Gene mutation vs. Chromosomal mutation ​

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small, like the single change in a nucleotide/nitrogen base

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large, like an entire chromosome

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​Disadvantages

• Diseases (Sickle Cell)

• Cancer

• Disabilities (Down Syndrome)

Advantageous

• Super taster (TAS2R38)

• ​Unbreakable bones (LRP5)

Neutral

• have no impact​

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What affects Genetic Variation?

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Sequence of nitrogenous bases
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Sequence of nucleotide

Can you find the change?

-Turn and talk

​1. One kind of DNA change that is interesting is...
Un tipo de cambio en el ADN que es interesante es...

2. Can you tell me about different DNA mutations, like...
¿Me puedes explicar sobre diferentes cambios en el ADN, como...

3. When we talk about how DNA changes affect things, I've noticed that...
Cuando hablamos de cómo los cambios en el ADN afectan las cosas, he notado que...