Present Perfect Tense

( + )  S + HAS/HAVE + V3 + O + SINCE/FOR

( - )  S + HAS/HAVE + NOT + V3 + O + SINCE/FOR

( ? )   HAS/HAVE + S + V3 + O + SINCE/FOR?

SINCE : SEJAK (Ex: Since this morning, Since 7.30 AM)

FOR : SELAMA, MENYATAKAN DURASI (Ex: For 2 hours, For 5 minutes

HAS : She, He, It

HAVE: They, We, I, You

​​(C) 2023. BAHASA INGGRIS WAJIB SMA

Adverbs in Present Perfect Tense

• Yet

• Already

• Just

​(C) 2023. BAHASA INGGRIS WAJIB SMA

• Ever

• Never

Simple Past Tense

( + )  S + V2 + O

( - )  S + DID + NOT + V1 + O

(?)   DID + S + V1 + O?

DID : FOR ALL SUBJECTS

​​(C) 2023. BAHASA INGGRIS WAJIB SMA

Adverbs in Simple Past Tense

• Yesterday

• Two days ago

• Last week

​(C) 2023. BAHASA INGGRIS WAJIB SMA

• Last night

• Last month

• etc.

PRESENT PERFECT AFFIRMATIVE

•  I /YOU/ WE/ THEY HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE (REGULAR VERB -ED/IRREGULAR VERB V3)

•  HE / SHE / IT HAS + PAST PARTICIPLE (REGULAR VERB -ED/IRREGULAR VERB V3)

• He has bought a nice jacket.

• They have eaten a delicious cake.

PRESENT PERFECT NEGATIVE

•  I /YOU/ WE/ THEY HAVEN'T + PAST PARTICIPLE (REGULAR VERB -ED/IRREGULAR VERB V3)

•  HE / SHE / IT HASN'T + PAST PARTICIPLE (REGULAR VERB -ED/IRREGULAR VERB V3)

• I haven't done my exercises this morning

• She hasn't finished her tasks.

PRESENT PERFECT QUESTIONS

•  (QUESTION WORD) + HAVE or HAS + SUBJECT + VERB -ed OR VERB 3 + COMPLEMENTS?

• Have you already had lunch?

• Where have you been all day?

USES

#1

Unfinished actions that started in the past and continue to the present.

I've known Julie for ten years

Irene has taught English since 2003.

(I STILL KNOW HER)

(IRENE STILL TEACHES ENGLISH)

#2

PAST ACTION BUT TIME IS NOT MENTIONED

My brother has been to Mexico three times.

SIGNAL WORDS

FOR, SINCE, JUST, ALREADY, YET, EVER, NEVER, HOW LONG...?

EVER, NEVER

We use FOR to talk about a period of time/ a duration.

for 6 months/days/weeks/years…

for Ages

for A long time

for Years 

I have studied German for 8 years.

We use SINCE to refer to a specific moment when an action began.

since 1988

since Last week/year/Saturday…

since I was a child

since Christmas…

I have lived in Spain since I was 14 years old. 

We use YET to ask if something has happened, or to say that it hasn’t. 

  QUESTION: Have you visited your grandma yet?

NEGATIVE:  I haven’t visited my grandma yet.

We use JUST to talk about something very recent. 

 I have just found 20€ (a few moments ago)

We use ALREADY to talk about something that has happened earlier than expected. 

 I have already finished my homework .

EVER / NEVER

Have you ever seen a ghost?

I haven’t ever seen a ghost / I have never seen a ghost.