Cambridge Unit 3 grammar

The passive

• Gebruik:
  Onbelangrijk / onbekend / overduidelijk / vermijden wie handeling heeft verricht
  Nadruk op wat niet wie

• Vorm:

  Altijd een vorm van to be + voltooid deelwoord (walked, helped, made, been, ...)
  

Passive vorm:

• Altijd een vorm van to be + voltooid deelwoord (walked, helped, made, been, ...)
  Maar je hebt nog steeds te maken met de tijdsvormen!

• Countable nouns
  Individual things that can be counted
  Can be singular or plural (1 car, 2 cars -> a/this/each car, no/some/many/a few cars)

• Uncountable nouns

  Neither singular nor plural (gasoline, knowledge)

  Cannot be divided into separate items

  Want to use a quantity? Add a phrase like "a lot of, two cups of, twenty litres of..."

Many nouns can be both countable and uncountable, depending on the context

Would you like some chocolate? (= uncountable, the food in general)
There are only two chocolates left in the box. (= individual items)

No
With (un)countable nouns, comparisons, and with different ("I have no idea" "It is no worse / no different...")

None
Followed by of + plural / uncountable (pro)noun ("None of my friends like/likes to read.")
Or used on its own ("We need to buy some eggs. There are none left.")

Not
Makes verbs negative ( "I did not leave" ) or other words / phrases negative ( "I ordered tea, not coffee" "Not everyone can do the moonwalk")

But beware of double negatives!
I've had hardly no coffee in the house these past few days. X ->

I've had hardly any coffee in the house these past few days.



Luckily, various forms of 'any' can come to your rescue in case of double negatives!
(anyone, anything, anywhere, any...)