Essentially, any situation where the "norm" group used to compare students does not adequately represent the diverse backgrounds and experiences of all test-takers, potentially disadvantaging certain groups

Norm-referenced tests can exhibit several types of bias, including cultural bias, linguistic bias, socioeconomic bias, format bias, and sampling bias.

Test Bias In CSD

​Cultural Bias

Test Bias in CSD

​Linguistic Bias

Test Bias in CSD

Socioeconomic Bias

Test Bias in CSD

Sampling Bias

Test Bias in CSD

Bias

standardized assessment tools systematically disadvantage groups of individuals based on factors like cultural background, socioeconomic status, language proficiency, or dialect, leading to inaccurate or misleading results when evaluating their communication abilities

test items or administration methods are not equitable to everyone being assessed, potentially leading to misdiagnosis or inappropriate intervention plans

ASHA's Code of Fair Testing Practices in Education

ASHA's  Code of Fair Testing Practices in Education serves as a guideline for professionals to ensure that tests are fair and equitable for all test-takers, regardless of background. This code emphasizes the need for tests to be valid and reliable, providing a true measure of an individual's abilities without being influenced by extraneous factors such as age, gender, race, or linguistic background.