Lesson 1.2.1-Solids, Liquids, Gases

Science Notebook

Materials

• describe matter in the solid state

• identify properties of liquid matter

• identify properties of gases

• explain the relationship between energy and states of matter

• Claim: The three states of matter all have different properties.

What we will learn...

Let's look at some of the materials we will be using in our experiment

Plastic Bag

​

Item 1

A plastic Ziploc bag to hold items.

• ​Fixed volume and shape.

• The volume and shape will stay the same unless something adds/removes material or applying force.

• Occur in forms such as

  • crystalline solids

  • amorphous (shapeless) solids.

Solids

​Particles in solids stay close together and do not move.

Crystalline Solid

​​Amorphous Solid

• ​No definite shape or pattern.

• Soften gradually as temperature is applied

• shatter unevenly

• glass, wax, rubber, plastics

• Particles arranged in regular repeating 3D patterns.

• diamonds, quartz, sugar

A box of common baking soda

Vinegar

​

Item 3

A bottle of distilled white vinegar.

• a state of matter with a defined volume but no defined shape

• Only take shape of the container they are in.

• Two unique properties

  • Surface tension

  • viscosity

Liquids

​

​Particles move around and take shape of object they are in.

Surface Tension

Viscosity

• The force that pulls liquids together.

• For example when water droplets form on a flower petal.

• The liquid's ability to flow.

• High viscosity will flow slower (honey)

• low viscosity liquids will flow faster(water).

1. Open your plastic bag

2. Add your baking soda to the napkin and carefully wrap it up.

3. Put the napkin in to the plastic bag

4. PAUSE!

WOAH!!!

What happened?
Why do you think that happened?

• No defined shape or volume.

• Spread out evenly and take the volume and shape of their container.

• As a container empties the gas particles will replace the liquid particles and fill it up.

Gases

​

​Particles bounce around wherever they are with no shape.

Why do you think our bag exploded and the gas didn't just stay trapped in the bag?

• The state of matter depends on energy.

  • ability to do work or cause change

• The particles consist of atoms or molecules.

• Particles of the same substance are attracted together.

• The force of the attraction pulls them together and strengthens them.

Energy and States of Matter

​Energy determines the state of matter.

• Many different forms of energy, such as, kinetic energy.

• Matter is made of particles that are in constant motion (kinetic).

• The kinetic energy of the particles is related the temperature and the state of the matter (solid, liquid, gas)

• The greater the kinetic energy the better chance the particles will move apart.

Kinetic Energy

Get up and out of your seat and get ready to move!

Solids

• Low kinetic energy

• Particles move slow

• Helps to keep its shape

Show me with your bodies how are the particles moving in a solid?

Liquids

• more (medium) kinetic energy

• overpowers attractive forces

• allows it to take shape of container.

​Show me with your bodies how are the particles moving in a liquid?

• Highest kinetic energy

• very little attractive force

• allows it to have no fixed shape.

Gases

​Show me with your bodies how are the particles moving in a solid?

What did we learn?

• the characteristics of solids, liquids, and gases

• the state of matter depends on the kinetic energy of its particles.