Periodic Table_Groups and Periods

Periods on the Periodic Table

The periods on the PT are the rows

numbered from 1-7.

Atomic number increases from left to

right.

Those in the same period have the same

number of energy levels or shells.

Chemical properties are not all similar.

Groups on the Periodic Table

The groups or families on the PT are the

columns numbered from 1-18.

Same number of valance electrons.

Chemical properties are very similar.
Groups 1 is the most reactive and group

18 is the most inert (stable).

Families on the Periodic Table

 Elements on the periodic table can be grouped into

families based on their chemical properties.

 Each family has a specific name to differentiate it

from the other families in the periodic table.

 Elements in each family

react differently with
other elements.

HYDROGEN

ALKALI METALS

ALKALI METALS

Group 1

 Hydrogen is not a member, it is a non-metal

 1 electron in the outer shell

 Soft and silvery metals

 Very reactive, esp. with water

 Conduct electricity

ALKALINE EARTH METALS

ALKALINE EARTH METALS

Group 2

 2 electrons in the outer shell

 White and malleable

 Reactive, but less than Alkali metals

 Conduct electricity

TRANSITION METALS

TRANSITION METALS

Groups in the middle

 Good conductors of heat and electricity.

 Solid at room temperature

 Variable charge states

 Malleable: can bond with many elements in a variety of

shapes.

RARE EARTH METALS

BORON FAMILY

BORON FAMILY

Group 13

 3 electrons in the outer shell

 Can share electrons to form compounds

 Most are metals

 Boron is a metalloid

CARBON FAMILY

CARBON FAMILY

Group 14

 4 electrons in the outer shell

 Can share electrons to form compounds

 Contains metals, metalloids, and a non-metal

Carbon (C)

 Carbon is the most versatile element (Organic

Chemistry)

NITROGEN FAMILY

NITROGEN FAMILY

Group 15

 5 electrons in the outer shell

 Can share electrons to form compounds

 Contains metals, metalloids, and non-metals

OXYGEN FAMILY

OXYGEN FAMILY

Group 6 or 16

 6 electrons in the outer shell

 Can share electrons to form compounds

 Contains metals, metalloids, and non-metals

 Reactive

HALOGENS

Halogens

Group 17

 7 electrons in the outer shell

 All are non-metals

 Very reactive are often bonded with elements from

Group 1

NOBLE GASES

Noble Gases

Group 18

 Exist as gases

 Non-metals

 8 electrons in the outer shell = Full

 Helium (He) has only 2 electrons in the outer shell =

Full

 Not reactive with other elements

NOBLE GASES

METALS

METALS

• SHINY
• GOOD CONDUCTORS
• SOLID AT ROOM TEMPERATURE (EXCEPT Hg,

Mercury)

• HIGH DENSITIES
• HIGH MELTING POINTS
• MALLEABLE
• DUCTILE
• HARD
• GROUP 1
• GROUP 2
• TRANSITION GROUP
• LOSES ELECTRONS WHEN MAKING COMPOUNDS

NONMETALS

NON-METALS

• BRITTLE
• DULL
• NOBLE GASES
• POOR CONDUCTORS
• NOT DUCTILE
• GAINS ELECTRONS WHEN MAKING COMPOUNDS

Metalloid

 A chemical element that has

properties of metals and
nonmetals, or is a mixture of
metals and nonmetals.

 Think a metallic colloid!

(They’re both stuck in the
middle!)

 Boron, Silicon, Germanium,

Arsenic, Antimony, Tellurium,
Polonium, (Astatine is
debatable)

• The Stair-Step distinguishes
between the metals and
non-metals

Color the families of metals and nonmetals

METALLOIDS

85
At

METALLOIDS

• CHARACTERISTICS OF BOTH METALS & NON-

METALS

• SEMI-CONDUCTORS
• FOUND ON ZIG-ZAG LINE/STAIRCASE
• USED IN COMPUTERS