Generators

​Generators

​A generator is a device that produces electricity. The majority of generators convert mechanical kinetic energy into electricity. This type of generator uses a spinning magnet to create an electric field.

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​Recall that the law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed. Generators do not produce new energy. A generator performs an energy transfer, converting mechanical kinetic energy into electrical kinetic energy.

​Generators come in many shapes and sizes. However, all generators share three common structures:

• turbine

• solenoids

• conductive wire

The GIF shown here depicts a model of a simple generator. Observe the way the conductive wire spins. The spinning motion is an important characteristic of generators.

Structure of a Generator

​Generators come in many shapes and sizes. All generators contain a turbine, solenoids, and wire. However, the shape, size, and arrangement of these components varies. The type of input that powers a generator can affect the arrangement of the components.

In this lesson, you will learn about four types of generators:

• wind turbines

• gasoline-powered generators

• water powered generators

• nuclear generators

Types of Generators

​Let's check out this video on wind turbines!

​Gasoline Powered Generators

​Some generators use gasoline as a fuel source. In automobile engines, small amounts of gasoline catch fire. The heat from the flame causes air to expand, creating air pressure. The air pressure turns turbines in the engine, generating both mechanical energy and electrical current.

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Water-Powered Generators

Water-powered generators use the kinetic energy of moving water to spin the turbines. These generators, also called hydroelectric generators, are usually located on a stream or river.

A massive dam at Niagara Falls (shown to the right) directs water through hydroelectric generators, providing electricity to surrounding communities.


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Nuclear Generators

Nuclear reactors use energy released when atoms break apart. Splitting atoms releases a great deal of heat energy.

A nuclear reactor uses the heat released by splitting atoms to boil water. The steam produced by boiling the water turns a turbine. The spinning of the turbine produces electricity that enters the electrical grid. Nuclear reactors are generators that produce enough electricity for entire cities.

​In Conclusion

Although gasoline-powered, water-powered, and nuclear generators look very different, they all perform a similar function. All three types of generators perform energy transfers that convert kinetic energy into electrical energy.