​Ceramics and fireclays

​Ceramics and fireclays are used mainly for sanitary appliances and tiles.


There are three varieties that plumbers may use widely in their work:

​Vitreous china:

This is a clay material with an enamelled surface used to manufacture bathroom appliances such as WCs and cisterns, wash hand basins and bidets. It is made from very watery clay, known as ‘slip’, which is then spray enamelled and fired in a kiln at high temperature

​Fireclay:

This is used primarily for heavy-duty appliances, such as Belfast sinks, London sinks, cleaners’ and butler’s sinks and shower trays, where there is greater risk of damage and a higher water temperature may be needed.


It can be moulded, extruded and shaped by hand.

​Ceramic tiles:

These have many applications and are used extensively in bathrooms, kitchens, floors and swimming pools.