Prokaryotes are small and simple and only contain a few organelles (ribosomes, cytoplasm, and a cell membrane). These organelles do not have membranes of their own! Eukaryotes are larger and more complicated and DO have membranes around their organelles!

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Plant and Animal Cells are BOTH Eukaryotic, meaning they have the Nucleus to contain their DNA and have membranes surrounding the majority of their organelles! The main differences include the chloroplasts, a cell wall, and large central vacuole (as opposed to many smaller vacuoles) in the plant cell!

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Plant and Animal Cells are BOTH Eukaryotic! This means they both have a NUCLEUS which contains the DNA and keeps it safe!

Other major organelles include:
- Vacuoles: contain water and nutrients (one large one in plant cells and many smaller ones in animal cells).
- Mitochondria: produce energy through cellular respiration (found in ALL eukaryotic cells).
- Chloroplasts: produce glucose for FOOD! (found only in plant cells and some other photosynthetic organisms that aren't "plants")
-Ribosomes: produce proteins (found in ALL living organisms, both prokaryotic and eukaryotic)

Construct an explanation of how the structures of DNA and RNA lead to the expression of information within the cell via the processes of replication, transcription, and translation.

Goal 1 - I can replicate a strand of DNA.

Goal 2 - I can transcribe a gene into mRNA and translate the mRNA into a strand of amino acids.

SB2.a

A always pairs with T

C always pairs with G

This process ONLY happens before Cell Division!

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In transcription A in DNA will pair with U in mRNA but T in DNA will still pair with A in mRNA

C and G are still paired with each other

Transcription comes first and occurs in the nucleus

Translation is second and occurs at the ribosome in the cytoplasm

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Use mathematical models to predict and explain patterns of inheritance.

Goal 1 - I can use a Punnett Square to analyze patterns of inheritance such as dominance, codominance, and incomplete dominance.

Goal 2 - I can analyze inheritance through the use of a pedigree.

SB3.b

Punnett Squares are charts used to predict possible outcomes for offspring. Each square represents a 25% chance that the offspring will have that genotype and representative phenotype.

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Pedigrees are charts that visually represent the history of related people (or organisms). It shows individuals that are affected, unaffected, or might be carriers of a particular gene.