African Americans Persist

African Americans Persist

​W.A.L.T. We Are learning to...

• identify how Democrat-run governments disenfranchised African American voters and enacted Jim Crow laws

• categorize similarities and differences in philosophies among African American leaders

• cite evidence from sources to support a statement of historical analysis

Vigilantes

white supremacist terror groups served as the armed enforcers, or paramilitary units, of these Democrats

intimidated and threatened African American men who dared to strive economically and to exercise their constitutional right to vote. These groups are sometimes called vigilante groups, which means a group that uses violence to enforce their beliefs without legal authority.

White League attacked the Republican state government of Louisiana in September 1874

Red Shirts organized the armed takeover of the city government in Wilmington, North Carolina

Disenfranchisement

Many southern states required voters to pay a poll tax in order to vote.

Voters had to pass a literacy test by reading part of the U.S. Constitution aloud before a designated voting official and taking dictation from the official to prove they could write.

Voters had to pass a literacy test by reading part of the U.S. Constitution aloud before a designated voting official and taking dictation from the official to prove they could write.

Grandfather clauses allowed a man to vote if his grandfather or father had voted prior to January 1, 1867.

white primaries, which prohibited African Americans from participating in primary elections

Plessy v. Ferguson

Democrat legislatures returned to power in the South and passed racial segregation laws, these laws became known as Jim Crow laws.

Jim Crow laws separated Black and white people from virtually all social contact

Plessy v. Ferguson, the Court ruled that "separate, but equal" facilities for Black and white people were legal, thereby protecting the legality of segregation laws.

born as a free person

demanded civil rights be acknowledged by the larger society

founded organizations to support African American interests

believed education was central to African American successes

​w.e.b. du bois

born into slavery in 1856

believed that job training and work skills would help African Americans become economically independent

founded organizations to support African American interests

believed education was central to African American successes

​Booker T. washington

similarities and differences

​This editorial cartoon shows Uncle Sam, representing the governments of southern states, writing misspelled words: "Eddikashun qualifukashun. The Blak man orter be eddikated afore he kin vote with us Wites, signed Mr. Solid South." The correct spelling is, "Education Qualification. The Black man ought to be educated before he can vote with us whites, signed Mr. Solid South." An African American man is hiding and watching him write these words on a wall.

open Ended

​"After Reconstruction, African Americans continued to fight for economic and political equality despite facing racism and discrimination."

​explain how the document can be used as evidence to support the following statement:

​

The document about ... shows evidence that African Americans experienced ...

Summary

 Vigilante terror groups openly targeted African American people and often were not charged with crimes.

Southern Democrat governments disenfranchised African American voters

Plessy v. Ferguson legalized Jim Crow segregation

African American leaders such as Booker T. Washington and W.E.B Du Bois had competing views of how to progress African Americans after Reconstruction; however, both were key leaders of African American advancement.