関係代名詞
Relative Pronouns

関係副詞
Relative Adverbs

​Which [that] と whereの識別

Where - 関係副詞
Which - 関係代名詞

​Which [that] と whereの識別

私が働いている会社はこの建物の３階にある。

​Which [that] と whereの識別

Where refers to a location. 先行詞は具体的なもの

where のあとは主語/目的語の欠落のない完全文がくる

​Which [that] と whereの識別

Which refers to the office as a thing/object (物)
which/that + preposition (前置詞)

​Which [that] と whereの識別

私が働いている会社はこの建物の３階にある。

私が働いている会社はこの建物の３階にある。

１) The office where I work is on the third floor of this building.

私が働いている会社はこの建物の３階にある。

2) The office (that[which]) I work in is on the third floor of this building.

私が働いている会社はこの建物の３階にある。

2) The office (that[which]) I work in.

私が働いている会社はこの建物の３階にある。

2) The office where I work.

その他の表現
Other expressions

[~のとき」the time (when)~

That song reminds me of the time when I graduated from high school.

[~の理由」the reason (why)~

Why did you want to come to Chikushigaoka High School?

[~の方法」the way (that)~

I like the way (that) the announcer talks.

what~ [~すること]

I cannot understand what you are saying.

what = the thing(s)

One of the things / somethingに注意

固有名詞の後ろは、(コンマ)＋関係詞節(thatは除く)

Brazil, where I was born, is in the southern hemisphere.

固有名詞の後ろは、(コンマ)＋関係詞節(thatは除く)

Chikushigaoka High School has many great club activities. It is where I study.

固有名詞の後ろは、(コンマ)＋関係詞節(thatは除く)

Chikushigaoka High School, where I study, has many great club activities.

固有名詞の後ろは、(コンマ)＋関係詞節(thatは除く)

My best friend is very nice. I met him/her/them when I was a child.

固有名詞の後ろは、(コンマ)＋関係詞節(thatは除く)

My best friend, who I met when I was a child, is very nice.

固有名詞の後ろは、(コンマ)＋関係詞節(thatは除く)

Please make an example sentence. (I recommend Hanemarukun!)

Exercises A

1) Nowadays, places where can be entered with pets are becoming popular.

Nowadays, places where can be entered with pets are becoming popular.

where のあとは主語/目的語の欠落のない完全文がくる

Nowadays, places that/which can be entered with pets are becoming popular.

2) What do you say to going to the restaurant Jim told us?

What do you say to going to the restaurant Jim told us?

What do you say to going to the restaurant that/which Jim told us about?

Jim told us about the restaurant.
Jim told us about it.
XJim told us about there.

There/where are adverbs (副詞)

3) Speaking a language is one of the most importnat ways how humans communicate with each other.

Speaking a language is one of the most importnat ways how humans communicate with each other.

Speaking a language is one of the most important ways in which/that humans communicate with each other.

4) I cannot believe what William said such a cruel thing to you.

I cannot believe what William said such a cruel thing to you.

I cannot believe that William said such a cruel thing to you.

5) New York City where there are a variety of ethnic groups is very exciting.

New York City where there are a variety of ethnic groups is very exciting.

New York City, where there are a variety of ethnic groups, is very exciting.