Mitosis

THE CELL CYCLE
OVERVIEW

•The cell cycle consists
of several phases:

•1. Interphase: G0, G1,
S, G2

•2. Mitosis (M phase):
PMAT (Prophase,
Metaphase,
Anaphase,
Telophase)

GAP 0 (G0) PHASE

• G0 is a resting phase

where the cell is not actively
preparing to divide.

• Memory Aid: 'G0 - Go to

sleep' (The cell is at rest)

GAP 1 (G1)
PHASE

• G1 is the first

growth phase
where the
cell grows
and produces
organelles and
proteins.

• Memory Aid: 'G1 -

Grow One'

S PHASE
(SYNTHESIS PHASE)

• During the S

phase, DNA is
replicated to
ensure each
daughter cell will
have a complete
set of
chromosomes.

• Memory Aid: 'S -

Synthesize DNA'

GAP 2 (G2) PHASE

• G2 is the second

growth phase
where the cell
prepares for
mitosis.

• Memory Aid: 'G2 - Get

Ready for Two' (Second
growth phase before
division)

INTRODUCTION TO MITOSIS STAGES (PMAT)

• Mitosis consists of

four main stages:

• 1. Prophase

• 2. Metaphase

• 3. Anaphase

• 4. Telophase

PROPHASE

•During prophase,
chromatin condenses
into visible
chromosomes, and the
nuclear membrane
breaks down.

•Memory Aid: 'P - Prepare'
(Chromosomes prepare for
alignment)

CHROMATIN VS CHROMOSOME

METAPHASE

• During

metaphase,
chromosomes
line up in the
middle of the
cell.

• Memory Aid: 'M -

Middle'
(Chromosomes align
in the middle)

ANAPHASE

• During anaphase,

sister chromatids
are pulled apart to
opposite ends of
the cell.

•Memory Aid: 'A - Apart'
(Chromatids move apart)

TELOPHASE

• During telophase,

nuclear membranes
reform around two
sets of
chromosomes, and
the cell begins to
divide.

•Memory Aid: 'T - Two' (Two
nuclei form)

CYTOKINESIS

• Cytokinesis is the

division of the
cytoplasm,
resulting in two
identical daughter
cells.

•Note: It follows telophase
to complete the cell
division process.

WHERE CANCER
HAPPENS

• Cancer can develop

when cells bypass
normal controls in
the cell cycle,
especially in the G1
or S phases.

• Mutations can lead to

uncontrolled cell
division, causing
tumors.