Imagine you're at a restaurant. You, the customer, ask the waiter (the server) to bring you food. The waiter then goes to the kitchen, gets the food, and serves it to you.

Question: Who is the server in this case and who is the client?

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Imagine!

Client: This is like you, the customer. It's a device or software (like your computer or smartphone) that makes requests for information or services. For example, when you search for something on the internet, your web browser (the client) asks a server for the web page.

Server: This is like the kitchen and the waiter in the restaurant. The server is a powerful computer or software that listens for requests from the client and then responds by providing the needed information or services. So, when you search for a website, the server sends the web page to your browser.

Client - Server Architecture

​Imagine you're at a picnic with your friends. Everyone brings their own food, and if someone wants to try what someone else has, they just ask directly. There's no need for a waiter or a kitchen because everyone is both a provider and a requester of food.

Imagine!

In a Peer-to-Peer (P2P) architecture, every device or computer (called a "peer") can act as both a client and a server. This means that instead of always requesting information from a central server, each peer can request and share information directly with other peers.

​Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Architecture

In client-server architecture, clients request services, and servers provide them.

Examples: Email servers, web servers.

Servers are powerful computers that manage resources and data

Read page 5

​​Client Server

​In P2P architecture, each computer (peer) has equal status and can act as both client and server.

Examples: File-sharing networks like BitTorrent.

Read page 6

​​P2P

When you type a website address in your browser (like www.google.com), your browser uses HTTP to ask the web server to send the page to you.

​​Http

When you send an email to your friend, your email program uses SMTP to send the message to your friend's email server, which then puts it in their inbox.

​​SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)

​If you want to upload a website or download large files from a server, you might use an FTP program that uses FTP rules to move the files.

​​FTP (File Transfer Protocol)

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol): It ensures that the data you send reaches its destination correctly and in the right order.

IP (Internet Protocol): It addresses and routes the data packets to make sure they reach the correct destination.

​​TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol)

Network Topology

LOOK AT THE PATTERN CAREFULLY AND IDENTIFY THE PATTERN/SHAPE.

What it looks like: Imagine a star where all the points connect to a central hub or switch.

How it works: In a star topology, all devices are connected to a central device, usually a hub or switch. This central device controls the flow of data between the other devices.

Example: Many home networks use star topology. Your computer, smartphone, and printer might all connect to a central Wi-Fi router.

STAR TOPOLOGY

What it looks like: Picture a circle where each device is connected to two other devices, forming a loop.

How it works: In a ring topology, each device is connected to exactly two other devices, forming a circular data path. Data travels in one direction (or sometimes both directions) around the ring until it reaches its destination.

Example: Some older office networks used ring topology to connect computers in a loop.

Ring Topology

​What it looks like: Picture a single straight line, with all devices connected to this line.

How it works: In a bus topology, all devices are connected to a single communication line (the bus) through a cable. Data travels along this bus, and each device checks to see if the data is meant for it.

Example: Bus topology was common in older networks, especially in schools and small offices.

Bus Topology