Covalent and Ionic Bonds

Electronic
Structure

Atoms have electrons arranged in
different electron shells or energy
levels around the Nucleus.

1st shell: Maximum 2 electrons
2nd shell: Maximum 8 electrons
3rd shell: Maximum 8 electrons

Formation of Ionic bonds

Sodium reacts with
other elements by
losing an electron.
When this happens, the
sodium atom forms an
ion.

Draw the ion structure of

Ionic Bonding

A sodium ion (Na+) and chlorine ion (Cl-) can form an ionic bond
to form compound sodium chloride (NaCl).

A magnesium ion (Mg2+) and chlorine ion (Cl-) can form an ionic
bond to form compound magnesium chloride (MgCl2).

Draw the ionic bond of

1. Potassium fluoride (KF)

2. Magnesium fluoride (MgF2)

3. Calcium Oxide (CaO)

Covalent Bonding

Formed into a molecule when pairs of non-metals electrons are
shared between atoms.

Covalent Bonding

Covalent bond between atoms forming into molecule. This type
of diagram is known as a dot and cross diagram.

​Covalent molecules are formed when atoms of different non-metals join together to form compounds and when atoms of the same non-metal join together.

They shared electrons to gain stability.

Covalent Bonding

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