Overview of the Indian National Movement (1885-1947)

●The Indian National Movement
was a series of historic events
and efforts aimed at gaining
independence from British
colonial rule.

●It began with the formation of the
Indian National Congress (INC)
in 1885 and culminated in India
gaining independence in 1947.

●The movement was marked by
various phases, strategies, and
significant contributions from a
diverse group of leaders and
activists.

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Importance of the Period from 1885 to 1947

1.Foundation of Organized Political Activity: The establishment of the INC in 1885 provided a
structured platform for political dialogue and united Indians in their quest for self-governance.

2.Emergence of National Leaders: This period saw the rise of influential leaders such as Mahatma
Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Subhas Chandra Bose, and Sardar Vallabhbhai
Patel, who played pivotal roles in mobilizing the masses.

3.Phases of Resistance: The movement transitioned from moderate demands for reforms to more
radical calls for complete independence. Strategies evolved from petitions and protests to mass civil
disobedience and non-cooperation.

4.Unity and Division: The era highlighted the unity among Indians against colonial rule but also
underscored communal tensions, leading to the partition of India and the creation of Pakistan in
1947.

5.Legacy of Non-Violence: Mahatma Gandhi’s philosophy of non-violence and civil disobedience
became globally recognized and influenced other movements for civil rights and freedom worldwide.

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Phases of the Indian National Movement (1885-1947)

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Moderate Phase (1885-1905): Seeking
Representation.

Extremist Phase (1905-1919): Pushing for Full
Self-Government.

Gandhian Phase (1919-1947): Fighting
Non-Violently for Independence.

5it became

of Shimla

INDIAN

NATIONAL
CONGRESS

Established in 1885 by A.O. Hume

Established as a safety Valve

A.O. Hume was also known as hermit of Shimla

First President - W.C. Banerjee

It was founded when Lord Dufferin

It became a platform for Indian revolutionaries

W.C. Banerjee

Dadabhai Naoroji was an Indian Parsi scholar, educator, and politician, known as the "Grand Old Man of India."

​​Dada Bhai Naoroji

​Feroze Shah Mehta was a prominent Indian political leader, lawyer, and co-founder of the Indian National Congress.

​Feroze Shah Mehta

Surendra Nath Banerjee was an influential Indian nationalist leader, founder of the Indian National Association(1876), and champion of civil rights.

S. N. Banerjee

Badruddin Tyabji was an Indian lawyer and activist who served as the third President of the Indian National Congress.

​​Badruddin Tyabji

​Moderate Phase leaders

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