[ARCHIVE] TSC 4.5 - Neurosurgical Cranial Procedures

Scalp

Periosteum

Dura Mater

Arachnoid Mater

Prone or supine with the head secured with a fixation frame

Sitting or standing

Lying on their side with no head support

Standing with head support

Common pillow and blanket

Mayfield headrest

Skull tongs like Gardner-Wells tongs

Regular hospital bed headrest

Neck brace and shoulder support

To prevent the patient from sweating excessively

Most procedures are lengthy and patients are under general anesthesia

To keep the operating room warm for the staff

To cool the surgical instruments

It can cause hyperthermia in the patient

It may contribute to hypothermia in the patient

It can improve surgical outcomes

It can make the patient more comfortable

To keep the patient immobilized during surgery

To provide comfort and cushioning to the patient

To maintain the patient's body temperature during surgery

To protect the patient from surgical instruments

Supine

Fowler

Prone

Lithotomy

Jackknife position

The entire head should always be shaved.

Hair should be removed only when it would interfere with surgery.

Hair removal should be performed a day before surgery.

Hair should be removed without the patient's consent.

To elevate the scalp

To maintain hemostasis

To drill burr holes

To incise the dura

Leave it exposed to air

Cover it with strips of moist Telfa

Incise it immediately

Keep it dry

A blockage in an artery

A weakened and bulging artery within the cerebral circulation

A normal expansion of a blood vessel

A clot forming in a vein

To create a larger incision

To expose the brain and access the aneurysm

To remove the dura entirely

To insert a drainage tube

To permanently close the artery

To temporarily reduce blood flow with a lower closing force

To widen the blood vessel temporarily

To diagnose the aneurysm