Biotechnology

Alul

HaeIII

BamHI

HindIII

EcorRI

Alul

HaeIII

BamHI

HindIII

EcorRI

To join fragments of DNA

To cut DNA at specific recognition sites

To amplify DNA sequences

To separate DNA fragments according to size

To join fragments of DNA

To cut DNA at specific recognition sites

To amplify DNA sequences

To separate DNA fragments according to size

Amplifying DNA segments

Cutting DNA at specific sites

Ligating DNA fragments

Serving as a vector to carry DNA into host cells

Recombinant DNA

Replicated DNA

Amplified DNA

Mutated DNA

To cut and paste DNA fragments

To amplify DNA sequences

To join fragments of DNA

To introduce foreign DNA into bacteria

To cut DNA at specific recognition sites

To join fragments of DNA

To amplify a specific DNA region

To separate DNA fragments according to size

The cooling of the reaction mixture

The separation of DNA strands by heating

The addition of primers to the reaction

The final step in PCR amplification

37-42°C

50-60°C

72-75°C

90-95°C

To separate DNA strands

To cool the reaction mixture

To synthesize new DNA strands

To add primers to the reaction

1 cycle

5 cycles

20-40 cycles

90-100 cycles

To cut DNA at specific recognition sites

To join fragments of DNA

To amplify DNA sequences

To separate DNA fragments according to size

DNA is negatively charged and attracted to the positive end of the unit

DNA is positively charged and attracted to the negative end of the unit

the agarose gel is negatively charged

DNA template

DNA polymerase

Dideoxynucleotides (ddNTPs)

Deoxynucleotides (dNTPs)

Radioactive isotopes

They initiate DNA synthesis

They terminate DNA synthesis at specific bases

They elongate the DNA strands

They repair DNA damage