Kinetic Theory

What is kinetic energy?

Kinetic Theory of Matter: states that matter is a package of a large number of small
particles, individual atoms, or molecules, which are in constant random motion.

States of Matter

Solid: a state of matter with a definite volume and a definite shape.

Liquid: a state of matter with a definite volume, but NO definite shape.

Gas: a state of matter with NO definite volume and NO definite shape.

Plasma: a state of matter that is superheated gas – so hot that the electrons are
ripped away from the atoms forming an ionized gas

States of Matter

Endothermic

Endothermic: a reaction or process in which energy is absorbed as heat by the
system from the surroundings.

Exothermic

Exothermic: a reaction or process in which energy is released as heat from the
system to the surroundings.

Endothermic vs. Exothermic

Phase Changes

Phase Changes: when matter changes to from one state (solid, liquid, gas, plasma)
to another.

Freezing and Melting

Freezing: the process in which matter changes from a liquid to a solid when energy
is removed from the system.

Melting: the process in matter changes from a solid to a liquid as the energy is
added to the system.

Evaporation and Condensation

Condensation: the process in which matter changes from a gas to a liquid when
energy is removed from the system.

Evaporation: the process in matter changes from a liquid to a gas as energy is
added to the system.

Sublimation and Deposition

Deposition: the process in which matter changes directly from a gas to a solid
when energy is removed from the system.

Sublimation: the process in matter changes directly from a solid to a gas as energy
is added to the system.