Unit 9 STAAR REVIEW

Unit Vocabulary

U9

Sectionalism

Concern for regional needs and interests. North vs. South
vs. West

Discuss
What were some differences between the sections?

the North was industrialized
the South was agricultural
the West was in the process of development

Compromise

An agreement in which both sides give up some
demands. Meet in the Middle.

States’ Rights

Powers given to the states, generally seen as a check
to federal powers

Protective Tariffs

A tax on imported goods that is intended to protect
domestic business

Nullification

The idea that states can refuse to follow federal laws

The U.S.
Government

South
Carolina

Geographical
Sectionalism

Unit 9 Growing Division 1920s-1950s

Map of Sectionalism

The North
Geography

◦Cold
◦Natural Transportation (Rivers, Harbors)
◦Developed Transportation (Canals, Railroads)
Economy
◦Industrialized economy with factories and Trade
◦Supported/benefitted from high tariffs
View on Slavery
◦Abolitionists
Politics
◦Strong Federal Government

The South
Geography

◦Hot
◦Large amounts of cheap land

Economy

◦Plantation Agriculture
◦Cash Crops (Cotton)
◦Wanted low/no tariffs

View on Slavery

◦Slaves provided labor and were viewed as a necessity.
Politics
◦Believed in States’ Rights

The West

Geography

◦Variety
◦Opened to settlement with the construction of roads and transcontinental
railroad
◦Large amounts of resources
Economic

◦Mining, Subsistence Agriculture
View on Slavery

◦Slavery in the West was up in the air
Politics
◦Mixed

Important People in
Sectionalism

Unit 9 Growing Division 1920s-1950s

Henry Clay

Known as the Great Compromiser. Was responsible for

◦The Missouri Compromise
◦The Compromise Tariff of 1833
◦The Compromise of 1850
Tried to reduce sectional conflict
Balanced the concerns on both sides of slavery

John C. Calhoun

7th Vice President of the U.S.

Defender of Slavery

Important in the Nullification Crisis

Pushed for States’ Rights

Events Leading to
Sectionalism

Unit 9 Sectionalism - Growing Division 1920s-1950s

Northwest Ordinance

Established the plan for admitting
new states to the Union (The
United States)

5,000 to create a self-government
with a constitution

60,000 to apply for statehood

Missouri Compromise

Needed to maintain
slave-state/free-state balance.

Missouri = Slave State

Maine = Free State

What about future settling of
Louisiana Purchase?
◦Imaginary line (36 30’)

◦North of Line = Free
◦South of Line = Slave

Nullification Crisis

South Carolina, generally against tariffs,
nullified the Tariff of Abominations.

When President Jackson demanded South
Carolina to follow the law, South Carolina
threatened to secede.

Importance:

◦Stirred the debate over states’ rights
◦Further divided the country

Mexican Cession

The United States claims a large
amount of land from Mexico

How do we organize this land?

California Wishes to Join as a Free
State
◦How does this go against the Missouri
Compromise?

Compromise of 1850

California = Free State
The remainder of the Mexican
Cession was divided into two
territories
◦New Mexico and Utah
◦Slavery decided through popular
sovereign

Slave Trade in Washington D.C. was
banned.

Fugitive Slave Act Passed

Fugitive Slave Law of 1850

Required the return of escaped
slaves to their slaveholders

Helping fugitive slaves became
illegal

Free Blacks in the North were at
risk of capture

Inspired the Underground
Railroad

Kansas/Nebraska Act

Two new states – Kansas and Nebraska

◦Popular Sovereignty will decide slavery

Abolitionists and Slave Supporters
flooded the territory to sway the vote.

Bleeding Kansas: Fighting breaks out
between northerners and southerners
in Kansas.

◦John Brown massacres five slave supporters

Dred Scott v. Sandford

Importance of the Decision

Declared slaves were not citizens
◦Had no rights

Slaves are property

Missouri Compromise
Unconstitutional
◦Congress did not have the authority to
prohibit slavery in territories

Free Blacks and Slaves

Free Blacks

North

Limited Political Voice

◦Only a few states allowed Free Blacks to vote

Most worked as low-wage earners

Could own property

Could own a business

Slaves

South

No political voice. No rights

Viewed as property.

Families were often torn apart

Could not own property