
asam basa
Presentation
•
Chemistry
•
11th Grade
•
Practice Problem
•
Hard
Wiwik Widyastuti
Used 2+ times
FREE Resource
18 Slides • 0 Questions
1
Perkembangan Konsep
Asam Basa
WIWIK WIDYASTUTI, S.Pd
2
Indikator Pencapaian
•Menjelaskan pengertian asam dan basa
menurut Arrhenius
•Menjelaskan pengertian asam dan
basa menurut Bronsted dan Lowry
•Menuliskan persamaan reaksi asam dan
basa menurut Bronsted dan Lowry
dan menganalisis pasangan asam
dan basa konjugatnya
•Menjelaskan pengertian asam dan basa
menurut Lewis
3
LARUTAN
ASAM
BASA
NETRAL
▪ Masam
▪ Lakmus biru → merah
▪Korosi
▪[ H+] > [ OH-]
▪Pahit
▪ Lakmus merah → biru
▪Kaustik
▪[ H+] < [ OH-]
▪Rasa bervariasi
▪ Lakmus tidak
berubah
▪Tidak korosif
▪[ H+] = [ OH-]
4
Konsep Asam Basa
Arrhenius
(1884)
Bronsted dan Lowry
(1923)
Lewis (1923)
5
ARRHENIUS (1884)
Asam: menghasilkan ion H+ dalam pelarut air
CONTOH : HCl, H2SO4, HBr
Basa: menghasilkan ion OH-dalam pelarutair
CONTOH : NaOH, HH3,Mg(OH)2
HCl(aq)
NaOH(aq)
asam
basa
6
BRONSTED-LOWRY
NH3(g)+ H2O(l) →
NH4
+(aq)
+
OH-(aq)
basa
asam
asam
konjugat
basa konjugat
ASAM KONJUGAT
• spesi yang terbentuk karena
penambahan ion H+ pada suatu basa
BASA KONJUGAT
• spesi yang terbentuk karena pelepasan
ion H+ oleh suatu asam
7
LEWIS (1923)
• Akseptor PEB
ASAM
• Donor PEB
BASA
NH3(g)
+
BF3(g)
BF3NH3(g)
Basa
Asam
NH
H
H
BF
F
F
NH
H
H
BF
F
F
8
DERAJAT KEASAMAM / PH
PH ASAM
ASAM KUAT
[ H+ ] = Valensi x [ asam ]
ASAM LEMAH
[ H+ ] = 𝑲𝒂 𝒙 [ 𝒂𝒔𝒂𝒎]
pH = - log [ H +]
[ H+ ] = 𝛂 𝒙 [𝑨𝒔𝒂𝒎 ]
𝛂 = derajai ionisasi
Ka = tetapan kesetimbangan asam
9
Contoh Asam Kuat dan Lemah
10
CONTOH SOAL
Tentukan derajat keasaman(pH) HCl 0,01 M
HCl → H++ Cl-
HCl merupakan asam kuat dengan valensi = 1
[ H +] = valensi x [asam]
= 1 x 0,01
= 0,01
= 10 -2
pH = - log 10 -2
= 2
11
CONTOH SOAL
Tentukan derajat keasaman(pH) HF 0,1 M , Ka HF = 10 -5
HF → H++ F-
HF merupakan asam Lemah
[ H+] = 𝑲𝒂 𝒙 [ 𝒂𝒔𝒂𝒎]
= 10
−5 x 0,1
= 10
−6
= 10 -3
pH= - log 10 -3
= 3
12
SOAL
Tentukan [ H +] dan derajat keasaman(pH) dari :
1. Larutan H2S 0,01 M, Ka = 10 -4
2. Larutan H2SO4 0,01 M
3. Larutan CH3COOH 0,02 M, α = 0,1
4. 500 mL larutan yang mengandung 0,63 gram HNO3
( Ar H=1, N= 14, O=16 )
13
DERAJAT KEASAMAM / PH
PH BASA
BASA KUAT
[ OH- ] = Valensi x [ basa]
BASA BASA
[ OH- ] = 𝑲𝒃 𝒙 [ 𝒃𝒂𝒔𝒂]
pOH = - log [ OH- ]
[ OH- ] = 𝛂 𝒙 [basa]
𝛂 = derajai ionisasi
Kb = tetapan kesetimbangan basa
pH = 14 - pOH
14
Contoh Basa Kuat dan Lemah
15
CONTOH SOAL
Tentukan derajat keasaman(pH) NaOH 0,01
M
NaOH → Na++ OH-
NaOH merupakan basa kuat dengan valensi = 1
[ OH- ] = valensi x [basa]
= 1 x 0,01
= 0,01
= 10 -2
pOH = - log 10 -2
pH = 14 - pOH
= 2
= 14 - 2
= 12
16
CONTOH SOAL
Tentukan derajat keasaman(pH) NH3 0,4 M, Kb = 10
-5
NH3 merupakan basa lemah
[ OH- ] = 𝑲𝒃 𝒙 [ 𝒃𝒂𝒔𝒂]
= 10
−5 x 0,4
= 10
−5 x 4. 10
−1
=
4. 10
−6
= 2 . 10 -3
pOH = - log 2 . 10 -3
pH = 14 - pOH
=3 – log 2
= 14 – (3 – log 2 )
= 11 + log 2
17
SOAL
Tentukan [ OH -] dan derajat keasaman (pH) dari :
1. Larutan HH4OH 0,04 M, Kb = 10 -4
2. Larutan Ca(OH)2 0,02 M
3. Larutan NH3 0,1 M, α = 0,2
4. 100 mL larutan yang mengandung 0,04 gram NaOH
( Ar H=1, Na= 23, O=16 ),
18
1. Hitunglah pH larutan KOH 0,01 M
2. Disediakan bahan berupa padatan KOH dan aquades.
Buatlah 50 mL larutan KOH 0,01 M, dan ukurlah
pH larutan tersebut !
Perkembangan Konsep
Asam Basa
WIWIK WIDYASTUTI, S.Pd
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