Y12 Lesson
Presentation
•
Computers
•
8th - 10th Grade
•
Medium
C N
Used 1+ times
FREE Resource
34 Slides • 22 Questions
1
OCR AS Level
(H046)
OCR A Level
(H446)
Teacher site: craigndave.org | Student site: student.craigndave.org | Smart revise: smartrevise.co.uk
SLR6 Software development
• Writing and following algorithms
2
3
Multiple Select
Select the real methodologies:
Agile
XP
XD
Spiral
Waterfall
4
Multiple Choice
Iterative development methodology which values end-user input:
XP
Agile
Waterfall
Spiral
RAD
5
Multiple Choice
Iterative development methodology which values code quality:
XP
Agile
Waterfall
Spiral
RAD
6
Multiple Choice
Iterative development methodology which values speed of development:
XP
Agile
Waterfall
Spiral
RAD
7
Multiple Choice
Iterative development methodology which focuses on risk-management:
XP
Agile
Waterfall
Spiral
RAD
8
Multiple Choice
Sequential development methodology which focuses on comprehensive documentation:
XP
Agile
Waterfall
Spiral
RAD
9
Multiple Choice
A small start-up who want to get a prototype onto the market for testing should use:
XP
Agile
Waterfall
Spiral
RAD
10
Multiple Choice
A large company who want to develop their software so people actually want to use it should use:
XP
Agile
Waterfall
Spiral
RAD
11
Multiple Choice
A processor company who need to develop high-quality code with minimal errors should use:
XP
Agile
Waterfall
Spiral
RAD
12
Multiple Choice
A diagram that represents a set of instructions is called:
Flow Chart
Pseudocode
Shapes
13
14
Multiple Choice
What is this flowchart symbol called?
connector
decision box
process box
subroutine box
15
Multiple Choice
Process
16
Multiple Choice
What is this flowchart symbol called?
connector
decision box
process box
subroutine box
17
Multiple Choice
18
Multiple Choice
What does a variable do?
Says a name variable
Prints out a name variable
Stores a value and can be used many times
Collects an output and stores it
Helps find things in a program
19
Multiple Choice
What is the programming structure labelled a.
Selection
Sequence
Iteration
None of the above.
20
Multiple Choice
What is the programming structure labelled b.
Selection
Sequence
Iteration
None of the above.
21
OCR H046/H466
SLR6 Software development | Algorithms
•Algorithm: A sequence of steps
designed to perform a task.
•An algorithm may be constructed to
describe the operation of a complete
system or a particular part of it.
What is an algorithm?
22
OCR H046/H466
SLR6 Software development | Algorithms
What is an algorithm?
•We carry out algorithms in everyday
life without even thinking about it.
•When you cross a road, you perform
a sequence of steps designed to get
you to the other side safely:
oStop before crossing.
oLook left and right.
oIs the road clear?
oIf not, press the crossing button.
oWait for the lights to turn red.
oCross when it’s safe to do so.
•Designing algorithms to solve
computer problems is no different –
you still need to think about the
sequence of steps required.
23
OCR H046/H466
SLR6 Software development | Algorithms
How to produce algorithm using pseudocode and flowcharts
In the exam and your project you need to be able to create,
interpret, correct and refine algorithms
using:
•Pseudocode
•Flowcharts
•High-level language code
24
OCR H046/H466
SLR6 Software development | Algorithms
Flowcharts
•A flowchart is one method of
representing the sequence of steps
in an algorithm in diagram form.
Start
Input number 1
from keyboard
Input number 2
from keyboard
Stop
Is number
1 greater
than
number 2?
Output, “The
largest number
is” number 1
Output, “The
largest number
is” number 2
YES
NO
25
OCR H046/H466
SLR6 Software development | Algorithms
Flowcharts
NO
•A flowchart is one method of
representing the sequence of steps
in an algorithm in diagram form.
Start
Input number 1
from keyboard
Input number 2
from keyboard
Stop
Is number
1 greater
than
number 2?
Output, “The
largest number
is” number 1
Output, “The
largest number
is” number 2
YES
NO
26
OCR H046/H466
SLR6 Software development | Algorithms
•Pseudocode is an alternative, text-
based method of representing the
sequence of steps in an algorithm.
•Pseudocode can be thought of as
simplified programming code.
•The prefix pseudo means false or not
genuine.
•Writing pseudocode allows us to lay
down the logic of a problem in an
“almost-like-real-code” way without
worrying about the rules and syntax
of a particular language.
Pseudocode
27
OCR H046/H466
SLR6 Software development | Algorithms
//Program to output the largest of the two numbers
number1 = INPUT()
number2 = INPUT()
IF number1 > number2 THEN
PRINT(“The largest number is” + number1)
ELSE
PRINT(“The largest number is” + number2)
ENDIF
Pseudocode
Start
Input number 1
from keyboard
Input number 2
from keyboard
Stop
Is number
1 greater
than
number 2?
Output, “The
largest number
is” number 1
Output, “The
largest number
is” number 2
YES
NO
28
OCR H046/H466
SLR6 Software development | Algorithms
//Program to output the largest of the two numbers
number1 = INPUT()
number2 = INPUT()
IF number1 > number2 THEN
PRINT(“The largest number is” + number1)
ELSE
PRINT(“The largest number is” + number2)
ENDIF
Pseudocode
YES
NO
Start
Input number 1
from keyboard
Input number 2
from keyboard
Stop
Is number
1 greater
than
number 2?
Output, “The
largest number
is” number 1
Output, “The
largest number
is” number 2
29
OCR H046/H466
SLR6 Software development | Algorithms
//Program to output the largest of the two numbers
number1 = INPUT()
number2 = INPUT()
IF number1 > number2 THEN
PRINT(“The largest number is” + number1)
ELSE
PRINT(“The largest number is” + number2)
ENDIF
Pseudocode
YES
NO
Start
Input number 1
from keyboard
Input number 2
from keyboard
Stop
Is number
1 greater
than
number 2?
Output, “The
largest number
is” number 1
Output, “The
largest number
is” number 2
30
OCR H046/H466
SLR6 Software development | Algorithms
//Program to output the largest of the two numbers
number1 = INPUT()
number2 = INPUT()
IF number1 > number2 THEN
PRINT(“The largest number is” + number1)
ELSE
PRINT(“The largest number is” + number2)
ENDIF
Pseudocode
Start
Input number 1
from keyboard
Input number 2
from keyboard
Stop
Is number
1 greater
than
number 2?
Output, “The
largest number
is” number 1
Output, “The
largest number
is” number 2
YES
NO
31
OCR H046/H466
SLR6 Software development | Algorithms
//Program to output the largest of the two numbers
number1 = INPUT()
number2 = INPUT()
IF number1 > number2 THEN
PRINT(“The largest number is” + number1)
ELSE
PRINT(“The largest number is” + number2)
ENDIF
Pseudocode
Start
Input number 1
from keyboard
Input number 2
from keyboard
Stop
Is number
1 greater
than
number 2?
Output, “The
largest number
is” number 1
Output, “The
largest number
is” number 2
YES
NO
32
OCR H046/H466
SLR6 Software development | Algorithms
//Program to output the largest of the two numbers
number1 = INPUT()
number2 = INPUT()
IF number1 > number2 THEN
PRINT(“The largest number is” + number1)
ELSE
PRINT(“The largest number is” + number2)
ENDIF
Pseudocode
Start
Input number 1
from keyboard
Input number 2
from keyboard
Stop
Is number
1 greater
than
number 2?
Output, “The
largest number
is” number 1
Output, “The
largest number
is” number 2
YES
NO
33
OCR H046/H466
SLR6 Software development | Algorithms
Refining algorithms
Start
Input number 1
from keyboard
Input number 2
from keyboard
Stop
Is number
1 greater
than
number 2?
Output, “The
largest number
is” number 1
Output, “The
largest number
is” number 2
YES
NO
We're going to refine this
algorithm to increase the
number of inputs from two
to three and output the
largest of the three numbers.
34
OCR H046/H466
SLR6 Software development | Algorithms
Refining algorithms
Start
Input number 1
from keyboard
Input number 2
from keyboard
Stop
Is number
1 greater
than
number 2?
Output, “The
largest number
is” number 1
Output, “The
largest number
is” number 2
YES
NO
We're going to refine this
algorithm to increase the
number of inputs from two
to three and output the
largest of the three numbers.
35
OCR H046/H466
SLR6 Software development | Algorithms
Refining algorithms
Start
Input number 1
from keyboard
Stop
Is number 1
greater than
number 2?
Output, “The largest
number is” number
1
Output, “The largest
number is” number
2
YES
NO
Input number 2
from keyboard
Input number 3
from keyboard
We're going to refine this
algorithm to increase the
number of inputs from two
to three and output the
largest of the three numbers.
36
OCR H046/H466
SLR6 Software development | Algorithms
Refining algorithms
Start
Input number 1
from keyboard
Stop
Is number 1
greater than
number 2?
Output, “The largest
number is” number
1
Output, “The largest
number is” number
2
YES
NO
Input number 2
from keyboard
Input number 3
from keyboard
We're going to refine this
algorithm to increase the
number of inputs from two
to three and output the
largest of the three numbers.
37
OCR H046/H466
SLR6 Software development | Algorithms
Refining algorithms
Start
Input number 1
from keyboard
Stop
Is number 1
greater than
number 2?
YES
NO
Input number 2
from keyboard
Input number 3
from keyboard
Output “The
largest number
is” number 3
Is number 2
greater than
number 3?
Is number 1
greater than
number 3?
Output “The
largest number
is” number 2
Output “The
largest number
is” number 1
NO
NO
YES
YES
We're going to refine this
algorithm to increase the
number of inputs from two
to three and output the
largest of the three numbers.
38
OCR H046/H466
SLR6 Software development | Algorithms
Flowcharts
YES
NO
Start
Enter the nitrate
level: a number
between 1 and 50
Output “Dose
0.5ml”
Stop
Is nitrate
above 10?
Is nitrate
above 2.5?
Is nitrate
above 1?
Output “Dose
1ml”
Output “Dose
2ml”
Output “Dose
3ml”
YES
YES
NO
NO
A flowchart for an algorithm that calculates
how much carbon to dose into a fish tank to
maintain safe nitrate levels.
39
OCR H046/H466
SLR6 Software development | Algorithms
Refining algorithms
//Program to output the largest of the three numbers
number1 = INPUT()
number2 = INPUT()
number3 = INPUT()
IF number1 > number2 THEN
IF number 1 > number 3 THEN
PRINT(“The largest number is” + number1)
ELSE
PRINT(“The largest number is” + number3)
ENDIF
ELSE
IF number2 > number 3 THEN
PRINT(“The largest number is” + number2)
ELSE
PRINT(“The largest number is” + number3)
ENDIF
ENDIF
Start
Input number 1
from keyboard
Stop
Is number 1
greater than
number 2?
YES
NO
Input number 2
from keyboard
Input number 3
from keyboard
Output “The
largest number
is” number 3
Is number 2
greater than
number 3?
Is number 1
greater than
number 3?
Output “The
largest number
is” number 2
Output “The
largest number
is” number 1
NO
NO
YES
YES
40
OCR H046/H466
SLR6 Software development | Algorithms
Flowcharts
YES
NO
Start
Enter the nitrate
level: a number
between 1 and 50
Output “Dose
0.5ml”
Stop
Is nitrate
above 10?
Is nitrate
above 2.5?
Is nitrate
above 1?
Output “Dose
1ml”
Output “Dose
2ml”
Output “Dose
3ml”
YES
YES
NO
NO
A flowchart for an algorithm that calculates
how much carbon to dose into a fish tank to
maintain safe nitrate levels.
41
Multiple Choice
What happens if the nitrate level is 45
3ml
30ml
1ml
0.5ml
42
Multiple Choice
What happens if the nitrate level is 6
3ml
30ml
1ml
0.5ml
43
Multiple Choice
What happens if the nitrate level is 0.2
3ml
30ml
1ml
0.5ml
44
OCR H046/H466
SLR6 Software development | Algorithms
Flowcharts
//Program to output the carbon source dose
Nitrate = INPUT(“Enter the nitrate level:
a number between 1 and 50”)
IF nitrate > 10 THEN
PRINT(“Dose 3ml”)
ELSEIF nitrate > 2.5 THEN
PRINT(“Dose 2ml”)
ELSEIF nitrate > 1 THEN
PRINT(“Dose 1ml”)
ELSE
PRINT(“Dose 0.5ml”)
ENDIF
ENDIF
ENDIF
YES
NO
Start
Enter the nitrate
level: a number
between 1 and 50
Output “Dose
0.5ml”
Stop
Is nitrate
above 10?
Is nitrate
above 2.5?
Is nitrate
above 1?
Output “Dose
1ml”
Output “Dose
2ml”
Output “Dose
3ml”
YES
YES
NO
NO
45
OCR H046/H466
SLR6 Software development | Algorithms
Flowcharts
//Program to output the carbon source dose
Nitrate = INPUT(“Enter the nitrate level:
a number between 1 and 50”)
IF nitrate > 10 THEN
PRINT(“Dose 3ml”)
ELSEIF nitrate > 2.5 THEN
PRINT(“Dose 2ml”)
ELSEIF nitrate > 1 THEN
PRINT(“Dose 1ml”)
ELSE
PRINT(“Dose 0.5ml”)
ENDIF
ENDIF
ENDIF
YES
NO
Start
Enter the nitrate
level: a number
between 1 and 50
Output “Dose
0.5ml”
Stop
Is nitrate
above 10?
Is nitrate
above 2.5?
Is nitrate
above 1?
Output “Dose
1ml”
Output “Dose
2ml”
Output “Dose
3ml”
YES
YES
NO
NO
46
OCR H046/H466
SLR6 Software development | Algorithms
Flowcharts
//Program to output the carbon source dose
Nitrate = INPUT(“Enter the nitrate level:
a number between 1 and 50”)
IF nitrate > 10 THEN
PRINT(“Dose 3ml”)
ELSEIF nitrate > 2.5 THEN
PRINT(“Dose 2ml”)
ELSEIF nitrate > 1 THEN
PRINT(“Dose 1ml”)
ELSE
PRINT(“Dose 0.5ml”)
ENDIF
ENDIF
ENDIF
YES
NO
Start
Enter the nitrate
level: a number
between 1 and 50
Output “Dose
0.5ml”
Stop
Is nitrate
above 10?
Is nitrate
above 2.5?
Is nitrate
above 1?
Output “Dose
1ml”
Output “Dose
2ml”
Output “Dose
3ml”
YES
YES
NO
NO
47
OCR H046/H466
SLR6 Software development | Algorithms
Flowcharts
//Program to output the carbon source dose
Nitrate = INPUT(“Enter the nitrate level:
a number between 1 and 50”)
IF nitrate > 10 THEN
PRINT(“Dose 3ml”)
ELSEIF nitrate > 2.5 THEN
PRINT(“Dose 2ml”)
ELSEIF nitrate > 1 THEN
PRINT(“Dose 1ml”)
ELSE
PRINT(“Dose 0.5ml”)
ENDIF
ENDIF
ENDIF
YES
NO
Start
Enter the nitrate
level: a number
between 1 and 50
Output “Dose
0.5ml”
Stop
Is nitrate
above 10?
Is nitrate
above 2.5?
Is nitrate
above 1?
Output “Dose
1ml”
Output “Dose
2ml”
Output “Dose
3ml”
YES
YES
NO
NO
48
OCR H046/H466
SLR6 Software development | Algorithms
Flowcharts
//Program to output the carbon source dose
Nitrate = INPUT(“Enter the nitrate level:
a number between 1 and 50”)
IF nitrate > 10 THEN
PRINT(“Dose 3ml”)
ELSEIF nitrate > 2.5 THEN
PRINT(“Dose 2ml”)
ELSEIF nitrate > 1 THEN
PRINT(“Dose 1ml”)
ELSE
PRINT(“Dose 0.5ml”)
ENDIF
ENDIF
ENDIF
YES
NO
Start
Enter the nitrate
level: a number
between 1 and 50
Output “Dose
0.5ml”
Stop
Is nitrate
above 10?
Is nitrate
above 2.5?
Is nitrate
above 1?
Output “Dose
1ml”
Output “Dose
2ml”
Output “Dose
3ml”
YES
YES
NO
NO
49
OCR H046/H466
SLR6 Software development | Algorithms
Flowcharts
//Program to output the carbon source dose
Nitrate = INPUT(“Enter the nitrate level:
a number between 1 and 50”)
IF nitrate > 10 THEN
PRINT(“Dose 3ml”)
ELSEIF nitrate > 2.5 THEN
PRINT(“Dose 2ml”)
ELSEIF nitrate > 1 THEN
PRINT(“Dose 1ml”)
ELSE
PRINT(“Dose 0.5ml”)
ENDIF
ENDIF
ENDIF
YES
NO
Start
Enter the nitrate
level: a number
between 1 and 50
Output “Dose
0.5ml”
Stop
Is nitrate
above 10?
Is nitrate
above 2.5?
Is nitrate
above 1?
Output “Dose
1ml”
Output “Dose
2ml”
Output “Dose
3ml”
YES
YES
NO
NO
50
OCR H046/H466
SLR6 Software development | Algorithms
Flowcharts
//Program to output the carbon source dose
Nitrate = INPUT(“Enter the nitrate level:
a number between 1 and 50”)
IF nitrate > 10 THEN
PRINT(“Dose 3ml”)
ELSEIF nitrate > 2.5 THEN
PRINT(“Dose 2ml”)
ELSEIF nitrate > 1 THEN
PRINT(“Dose 1ml”)
ELSE
PRINT(“Dose 0.5ml”)
ENDIF
ENDIF
ENDIF
YES
NO
Start
Enter the nitrate
level: a number
between 1 and 50
Output “Dose
0.5ml”
Stop
Is nitrate
above 10?
Is nitrate
above 2.5?
Is nitrate
above 1?
Output “Dose
1ml”
Output “Dose
2ml”
Output “Dose
3ml”
YES
YES
NO
NO
51
OCR H046/H466
SLR6 Software development | Algorithms
Flowcharts
//Program to output the carbon source dose
Nitrate = INPUT(“Enter the nitrate level:
a number between 1 and 50”)
IF nitrate > 10 THEN
PRINT(“Dose 3ml”)
ELSEIF nitrate > 2.5 THEN
PRINT(“Dose 2ml”)
ELSEIF nitrate > 1 THEN
PRINT(“Dose 1ml”)
ELSE
PRINT(“Dose 0.5ml”)
ENDIF
ENDIF
ENDIF
YES
NO
Start
Enter the nitrate
level: a number
between 1 and 50
Output “Dose
0.5ml”
Stop
Is nitrate
above 10?
Is nitrate
above 2.5?
Is nitrate
above 1?
Output “Dose
1ml”
Output “Dose
2ml”
Output “Dose
3ml”
YES
YES
NO
NO
52
OCR H046/H466
SLR6 Software development | Algorithms
Flowcharts
//Program to output the carbon source dose
Nitrate = INPUT(“Enter the nitrate level:
a number between 1 and 50”)
IF nitrate > 10 THEN
PRINT(“Dose 3ml”)
ELSEIF nitrate > 2.5 THEN
PRINT(“Dose 2ml”)
ELSEIF nitrate > 1 THEN
PRINT(“Dose 1ml”)
ELSE
PRINT(“Dose 0.5ml”)
ENDIF
ENDIF
ENDIF
YES
NO
Start
Enter the nitrate
level: a number
between 1 and 50
Output “Dose
0.5ml”
Stop
Is nitrate
above 10?
Is nitrate
above 2.5?
Is nitrate
above 1?
Output “Dose
1ml”
Output “Dose
2ml”
Output “Dose
3ml”
YES
YES
NO
NO
53
OCR H046/H466
SLR6 Software development | Algorithms
Flowcharts
//Program to output the carbon source dose
Nitrate = INPUT(“Enter the nitrate level:
a number between 1 and 50”)
IF nitrate > 10 THEN
PRINT(“Dose 3ml”)
ELSEIF nitrate > 2.5 THEN
PRINT(“Dose 2ml”)
ELSEIF nitrate > 1 THEN
PRINT(“Dose 1ml”)
ELSE
PRINT(“Dose 0.5ml”)
ENDIF
ENDIF
ENDIF
YES
NO
Start
Enter the nitrate
level: a number
between 1 and 50
Output “Dose
0.5ml”
Stop
Is nitrate
above 10?
Is nitrate
above 2.5?
Is nitrate
above 1?
Output “Dose
1ml”
Output “Dose
2ml”
Output “Dose
3ml”
YES
YES
NO
NO
54
OCR H046/H466
SLR6 Software development | Algorithms
Terminal
Input/output
Process
Subroutine
Decision
Line
Flowcharts
55
Multiple Choice
when i is 3 what is the value of s?
0
2
6
12
56
Multiple Choice
When s is displayed what is it's value
30
20
60
12
OCR AS Level
(H046)
OCR A Level
(H446)
Teacher site: craigndave.org | Student site: student.craigndave.org | Smart revise: smartrevise.co.uk
SLR6 Software development
• Writing and following algorithms
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