The relationships between sets can be represented

by means of diagrams which are known as Venn

diagrams.

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​Venn Diagram

Intersection of Sets

The intersection of sets A and B is the set of all elements which are common to both A and B. The symbol ‘∩’ is used to denote the intersection.

Union of sets

Let A and B be any two sets. The union of A and B is the set which consists of all the elements of A and all the elements of B, the common elements being taken only once. The symbol ‘U’ is used to denote the union. Usually read as ‘A union B’

Difference of sets

The difference of the sets A and B in this order is the set of elements which belong to A but not B.

Symbolically, we write A – B and read as “ A minus B”.

Complement of a Set

Let U be the universal set and A is subset of U. Then, the complement of A is the set of all elements of U which are not elements of A. Mathematically, we write A’ , to denote complement of set A with respect to U.