Plants and animals have been wiped out but soil remains

Clear-cutting is an example along with forest fires

No pioneer species needed

Grasses, shrubs, and wildflowers return shortly

Trees will grow next

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Secondary Succession

A shark has fins and a streamlined body that help it swim through water. It has gills, which take in oxygen directly out of the water. Because of its gills, sharks can stay underwater and not have to come to the surface to breathe. Sharks also have a tremendous number of sharp teeth, which make them fierce predators.

Shark

Having eyes on the sides of their heads allow deer to see in every direction except directly behind them. Mule deers' large ears increase their sense of hearing. They have hollow body hair for insulation. Their eyes and ears move independently allowing them to more accurately pinpoint danger.

Deer

Foxes have excellent senses of eyesight, hearing, and smell. Their sharp, pointed teeth are typical to carnivores and help them to tear through meat. The colors of the fox's fur blend in with its surroundings and allow it to camouflage well.

Red Fox

A representation of how much energy, initially from the sun, is retained or stored in the form of new biomass at each trophic level in an ecosystem. Typically, about 10% of the energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next, thus preventing a large number of trophic levels.

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​Energy Pyramid