Eiken Pre 1 Reading 2 and 3 Winter 2023-24

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Alternatively

Despite this

For instance

As a result

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He was forced to go to Charleston to prevent his mother from being harmed

by the man who owned her.

He was concerned that he would be separated from his wife and children

forever if they were bought by a different owner.

He earned enough money to buy freedom for his family, but his owner

refused to let them go.

He took his family to live in Charleston because he thought it was a safe

place to raise his children.

persuaded the Confederates to let him work on one of its ships so that he

could use the ship to get back to his hometown.

lost his job on the docks because the Confederates no longer had a need for

enslaved workers.

was made to work on a ship that was used by the Confederates to transport

weapons needed to fight the civil war.

gained favor with the Confederates by helping them find a way to get their

ships out of Charleston harbor.

He had managed to obtain a Union flag, which he raised to prevent the

Union Navy from attacking his ship.

His knowledge of the harbor allowed him to find a route that avoided

Confederate guards.

He had friends in the Union Navy who were sympathetic to his situation

and helped him get out of the harbor.

His experience had taught him how to trick the Confederate checkpoints

into letting his ship pass safely.

he did not think that the prices of certain essential goods were related to the

prices of things like common metals.

he believed that the price of the metals would not be affected even if they

became rare due to the increased demand.

he wanted to demonstrate that increases in population would not result in

serious shortages of the materials that humans needed to live.

he did not accept the idea that the world’s population was going to increase

as much as Ehrlich predicted it would.

The specific metals and the time period that were chosen for the bet seem

to have had an effect on the result.

Although the prices of a few metals did decrease, Ehrlich was correct about

the increasing shortages due to population growth.

It demonstrated that neither Ehrlich nor Simon was actually correct about

the long­term trends that were occurring.

Simon would still have won, even if the governments of countries in

Eastern Europe had not had problems in the 1990s.

They have made it clear that finding alternatives to common metals will

become important in the very near future.

They have made people realize that the way common metals are used has

more effect on the environment than had previously been known.

They have increased debates about how current population increases are

going to affect the supply of necessary materials in the future.

They have influenced the way that people see modern environmental

problems and made it more difficult to have meaningful communication about

them.

Efforts to ensure that a wider range of students are able to attend elite

universities have not always been successful.

Although efforts at instituting meritocracy were unsuccessful at first, great

progress has been made recently.

Efforts to make education more open to a wide variety of people have been

more effective than efforts to open up companies.

Bringing the ideal of meritocracy to universities cannot be done unless it

first comes to ordinary schools.

Belief in meritocracy can cause managers to evaluate male employees more

harshly than they deserve.

Meritocracies seem to cause significant declines in the job performance of

both male and female employees.

Trying to use financial rewards to encourage belief in meritocracy can have

the completely opposite effect.

People are less likely to be aware of their own prejudices when they believe

the company is a meritocracy.

wealthy people have found unfair ways to ensure that they continue to

maintain their position without working hard.

the methods that are usually used to evaluate workers are often unfair,

especially to members of the upper class.

it has created a sense of constant competition that can have negative effects

on people’s mental health.

the amount of resentment between members of different social classes has

grown significantly because of it.

More people have come to recognize that when people are poor, it may not

necessarily be their fault.

It has caused people to change their views regarding how many immigrants

should be allowed into the country.

People are slowly beginning to lose their prejudices against members of

other races and social classes.

There is more recognition of the effort that wealthy people have made to

achieve their high status in life.