Nervous System Ch. 10

Sensory ​Input

• ​sensory perception from afferent pathways and specialized sensory cells

​Integration

• ​Pathways to the specific areas of the brain and spinal cord

​Motor Output

• ​convert the signal into some form of response

Sympathetic

• "​fight or flight"

  • ​prepares body for perceived danger

    • ​overrides logical thought

​Parasympathetic

• ​"rest, relax, repair"

  • ​maintain long-term health and a healthy balance across all of the body’s function

​Afferent

• ​Arrives to the CNS via PNS

​Efferent

• ​Exits CNS via PNS

  • ​somatic response

  • ​autonomic response

​Neurons

• ​impulse-conducting cell that is the functional unit of the nervous system

​Neuroglial Cells

• ​form a supporting and/or insulating structure for the neurons

​Star shaped

​most abundant glial cell

​Functions

• ​forms blood brain barrier

• ​supportive framework

• ​regulates blood flow to neurons

• ​absorbs NTs from synaptic tissue fluid

• ​Astrocytosis/scerosis

  • ​scar tissue around damaged neurons

• ​Converts Glucose to lactate for nourishment

​WBC (white blood cell) macrophages

​Functions

• Homeostatic

  • ​Monitor the environment

• Activated

  • instigate the inflammatory response

    • ​cytokines

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​Adaptive myelinating cells of the CNS

​function

• ​to insulate neurons increasing the speed of impulses along the axon

​Ciliated cuboidal to columnar cells that line the brain and spinal cord

​Function

• ​create cerebral spinal fluid

• ​circulates the CSF

​Satellite Cells

• ​Forms an envelope around neuronal cell bodies

​Schwann cell

• ​myelinating cells of the PNS

  • ​same function of oligodendrocytes

​Neurons are Mature cells that Do Not divide

​Neural stems located in the brain (hypothalamus and deep cerebrum) divide into neuroblast and migrate to different areas of the brain even in adults

​Most Brain Tumors are a result of mitotic neuroglial cells

​the dynamic functional network of overlapping and spatially significant interactions that dictate neurological function