Shifts

Vertical

f(x)+ d
- UPWARD 'd ' units

f(x) - d
- DOWNWARD 'd ' units

Horizontal

f(x+ d)
- LEFT 'd ' units

f(x- d)
- RIGHT 'd ' units

Reflections

Over X-Axis

- f(x)

Over Y-Axis

f(- x)

Stretches and Compressions

Vertical: af(x)

|a| > 1
- Stretch by a factor of a

|a| < 1
- Compression by a factor of a

Horizontal: f(bx)

|b| > 1
- Stretch by a factor of 1/b

|b| < 1
- Compression by a factor of 1/b