• Definition of Theory
• How are Concepts used in Theory
• The Scope of Theory
• Generalizability of Scope of Theory
• Definition of Theoretical Framework
• Steps in Writing Theoretical Framework
• Benefit of Using a Theoretical Framework

Theory is
• A conceptual framework that provides an explanation of certain occurrences

or phenomena

• Theory provides basic concepts and directs us to the important questions.
• It suggests ways for us to make sense of research data.
• Theory guide data analysis at all stages, beginning with the planning of analysis,

and ending at the interpretation of results. In the planning stages of the study,
paying attention to the theory forces the researcher to make assumptions
transparent.

• Identify and describe phenomena
• Is the starting point of a theory
• Together, these clusters of concepts build the sentences of

theory

• Abstract concepts – give the big picture, but not much detail
• Concrete concepts – presents a close up view and focus on

details

• Refers to how much the theory explains, or how many

different contexts the theory can explain.

• The scope of theory is linked to level of abstraction.
• The higher the level of abstraction (the big picture), the

more the theory can be generalized.

• The wider the scope of the theory, the more it can be

generalized

1. Empirical generalisations
2. Middle range theory
3. Theoretical perspectives

DEDUCTION AND INDUCTION
• Deduction
• Going from general to specific

• Induction
• Using a number of specific observations to formulate

general principles

Definitions of terms

Explanations of theories

Logical connections

This helps to identify key
concepts and define any
uncommon terms, phrases
or words in your document

to provide a basis of

understanding and a point
of reference for the reader.

Your theoretical
framework should

provide an explanation
for each of the theories
you plan to utilize and
show how they relate

to your research.

A theoretical framework
should connect concepts,

terms and theories logically so

they're easy to read and

understand. This can also help

support your theory during
scientific questioning and

testing.

1. Define your objective
- The first step in creating a theoretical framework is to define
your research objective and then gather supporting documents.
2. Write a problem statement

- Once you define your objectives, you can write a problem
statement to define the purpose of the study and what problems
it's addressing.

3. Present your research questions
- A research question is an inquiry that you aim to address with your
study results.
4. Create a literature review to highlight relevant theories
- A literature review is a summary or analysis of all the research that
you read before doing your own research.

• The goal of a theoretical framework is to connect your new

research to existing knowledge and provide an explicit
statement of theoretical assumptions to the reader. It helps
you to lay the foundation that will support your analysis and
help you to interpret your results and make broader
generalizations.

• Westhuizen, H. (April 2018). Role of Theory in Research. Retrieved

from https://gimmenotes.co.za/wp-
content/uploads/2018/08/CHAPTER-2-Role-of-theory-in-
research.ppt on February 6, 2023.

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GROUP 4

TAMAYO, PRINCESS MAE A.

GAJES, DANICA P.

GALAPON, MAY ANN C.

GALUT, LYCKA MAE ANGEL L.
GASPAR, CHANELLE KAIZHA F.

GOMEZ, ANGELICA C.

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