Legacy of Napoleon

• Unsuccessful attempt to unify Europe under French domination

• Napoleonic code

• Awakening of feelings of national pride and growth of nationalism

Legacy of the Congress of Vienna

• "Balance of Power" doctrine

• Restoration of monarchies

• New Political map of Europe

• New political philosophies (Liberalism, Conservatism)

• National pride, economic competition, and democratic ideals stimulated the growth of nationalism.

• The terms of the Congress of Vienna led to widespread discontent in Europe, especially in Italy and the German states. Unsuccessful revolutions of 1848 increased nationalistic tensions.

• In contrast to continental Europe, the United Kingdom expanded political rights through legislative means and made slavery illegal in the British Empire.

Unification of Italy

• Count Cavour unified Northern Italy

• Giuseppe Garibaldi joined southern Italy to northern Italy.

• The Papal State (Including Rome) became the last to join Italy.

Unification of Germany

• Otto Von Bismark led Prussia in the unification of Germany through the war and by appealing to nationlist feelings.

• Bismark's actions were seen as an example of Realpolitik, which justifies all means to achieve and hold power.

• The Franco-Prussian war led to the creation of the German state.