Participle Clauses

The strangers, having no alternative, fell into each other's arms.

Participle Clauses

The strangers, having no alternative, fell into each other's arms.

How many verbs are there?

Participle Clauses

The strangers, having no alternative, fell into each other's arms.

How many verbs are there?

Participle Clauses

The strangers, having no alternative, fell into each other's arms.

Which of the verbs is participle?

Participle Clauses

The strangers, having no alternative, fell into each other's arms.

Which of the verbs is participle?
So, "having no alternative" is a participle clause.

Participle Clauses

The strangers, having no alternative, fell into each other's arms.

Wow, wait, what is a 'clause' again?

Participle Clauses

The strangers, having no alternative, fell into each other's arms.

"Clause = subject + verb (predicate)"
What is the subject in the sentence above?

Participle Clauses

The strangers, having no alternative, fell into each other's arms.

"Clause = subject + verb (predicate)"
What is the subject for both clauses in the sentence above?

Participle Clauses

The strangers, having no alternative, fell into each other's arms.

"Clause = subject + verb (predicate)"
What is the subject for both clauses in the sentence above?

Participle Clauses

The strangers, having no alternative, fell into each other's arms.

How can the participle clause "having no alternative" be paraphrased (said in other way)?

Participle Clauses

The strangers, because they had no alternative, fell into each other's arms .

How can the participle clause "having no alternative" be paraphrased (said in other way)?

Do they have exactly the same meaning?

How the participle clauses forms are different from the clauses in italics?

Compare the underlined participle clauses with the clauses in italics.

Do they have exactly the same meaning?

Yes, meaning is exactly the same.

Compare the underlined participle clauses with the clauses in italics.

How the participle clauses forms are different from the clauses in italics?
The participle clauses don't have subjects or auxiliary verbs - they only have a past or present participle

Compare the underlined participle clauses with the clauses in italics.

The participle clauses don't have subjects or auxiliary verbs - they only have a past or present participle.

In the sentences on the right, which are present participle and which are past participle?

Compare the underlined participle clauses with the clauses in italics.

Participle Clauses

Look at this sentence from the story

... her arm went up in the air like a person waving for help


What comes before the participle in the clause above?

Participle Clauses

Look at this sentence from the story

... her arm went up in the air like a person waving for help


What comes before the participle in the clause above? (a noun)

Participle Clauses

Look at this sentence from the story

... her arm went up in the air like a person waving for help

Which clause (1 or 2) has the same meaning?
1. ... like a person who was waving for help
2. ... because she waved to a person for help

Participle Clauses

Look at this sentence from the story

... her arm went up in the air like a person waving for help

Which clause (1 or 2) has the same meaning?
1. ... like a person who was waving for help
2. ... because she waved to a person for help

Participle clauses

• add more information to the sentence

• use either present or past participle

Adverbial participle clauses are mainly used in more formal spoken language and in writing.
They say why, when, where and how.

Participle clauses as adverbials

Participle clauses always start before or at the same time as the main verb in the sentence

Participle clauses as adverbials

To talk about events that happened earlier, we use a clause with the perfect participle:
Having + past participle

Participle clauses as adverbials

Participle clauses as adverbials

We can sometimes use participle clauses after nouns and pronouns. They are similar to defining relative clauses that have continuous and passive verbs.

Participle clauses after nouns

We can sometimes use participle clauses after nouns and pronouns. They are similar to defining relative clauses that have continuous and passive verbs.
HOWEVER,

Participle clauses after nouns

Participle clauses after nouns

Participle clauses after nouns

Now complete the exercises at the same page (SB, page 149)

The man?
The woman?
The kids?
The woman's hand up?
The car?

Martha's view

The man?
The woman?
The kids?
The woman's hand up?
The car?

Brad's view

Reading eyewitness accounts

The audio is about the situation from the reading part.

Does the story match your interpretation of the story?

Listen to the news story

Answer the questions

Listen to the news story
again