Unit 2 Checkpoint 2&3 Notes

Colonialism in
the Middle East

●Ottoman Empire

○Ruled most of the Middle East from
1300-1922

○Located around modern-day Turkey

○Fought for Central Powers in WWI

■Lost WWI

●Empire collapsed

●Forced to give up
most of its land

Colonialism in the
Middle East

●Mandate Systems

○Ottoman Turks were allowed to keep modern day
Turkey

○France and Britain took control over most of the
former Ottoman territory.

■Created new borders for new nations

■This became known as the Mandate System

●France: Lebanon and Syria

●Britain: Iraq and Palestine

Three Major World Religions

Judaism

●Began around 2000 BCE

●Monotheistic=belief in one God

●Believe in the Torah

●14 million Jews worldwide

○6.5 million in Israel

Three Major World Religions

Christianity

●Began in the first Century CE

●Monotheistic

●Belief in Jesus as the Son of God

●Follow the teachings of the Bible

●2.2 Billion followers worldwide

Three Major World Religions

Islam

●Began 7th Century CE

●Monotheistic

●Followers are called Muslims

●Follow the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad
written in the Quran (Koran)

●1.8 Billion followers worldwide

●Muhammad claimed to speak to God through
the Angel Gabriel

●He wrote down God’s word in what became
known as the Koran

●God told Muhammad to raise and Army and
spread his word

○Muhammad conquered the Arabian Peninsula

●Muhammad died in 632 without naming a
successor to his Muslim Empire

○Shia Muslims wanted Muhammad’s
son-in-law

○Sunni Muslims wanted to elect a successor

Sunni

Shia

Believe that the leader should follow
Muhammad’s example, does not have to be
direct descendant.

Believe that the leader should be a direct
descendant of Muhammad.

80-85% of all muslims

15-20% of all muslims

Sunni majority countries are Egypt, Jordan,
Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey

Shia majority countries are Bahrain, Iran,
Iraq, Lebanon