• Clash between Lutheran and Catholic Princes.

• Calvinism

• Protestant Union, 1608

• Peace of Augsburg

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​The 30 Years War

• Bohemian Protestants revolt

• Hapsburg Triumphs

• Hapsburg Defeats

• Peace of Westphalia

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​The 30 Years War Con't.

Peace of Westphalia

​Ended the war in 1648

• Weakened the Hapsburg state of Spain and Austria

• Strengthened France by awarding it German territory

• made German princes independent of the Holy Roman emperor

• ended religious wars in Europe

• Introduced a new method of peace negotiation whereby all participants meet to settle the problems of a war and decide the terms of peace

• Hohenzollerns built up their state from a number of small holdings beginning with Germany and Prussia

• Frederick William: The Great Elector

• The Junkers: Prussian landowning nobility

• Junkers gain control

• Prussia becomes a military society

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​The Rise of Prussia

• Ruled as Empress of Austria

• Had a large family

• Led the War of Austrian Succession

• Most famous child was Marie Antoinette.

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​Maria Theresa