Classification of speech sounds

Frequency – the number of vibrations

Intensity – variations in the loudness

Duration – the quantity of time during

The physical properties of speech sounds.

per second.

of the sound.

which the same vibratory motion is
produced.

Vowel

Consonants

Principles of classification

of speech sounds

Noise consonants
Sonorants

[m]‚ [n]‚ [ŋ]‚ [l]‚ [r]‚

[w]‚ [j]

The articulatory classification of

English consonants

Consonants

Voiced
‘lenis’

Voiceless

‘fortis’

active speech organ

Consonants

labial

bilabial

labiodental

/p,b,m,w/ /f,v/

lingual

pharyngeal

(glottal)

/h/

forelingual

apical

/t,d,n,l,s,z/

medio-lingual

/j/

back-lingual

/k,g,ŋ/

cacuminal
/r/

place of obstruction

dental or interdental /θ,ð/
alveolar /t,d,n,l,s,z/
labio - dental /f/ /v/
post-alveolar /r/
Palatal /j/
palatal-alveolar /∫,ʒ,t∫,dʒ/
Velar /k,g,ŋ/

Consonants:

Consonants

oral

/p,b,t,d,k,g,f,v,∫,ʒ,
s,z,θ,ð,t∫,dʒ,w,l,r,j/

nasal
/m,n,ŋ/

Position of the soft palate

Principles:

I. Position of the lips
II. Position of the tongue
III.Degree of tenseness and the
character of the end of a vowel
IV. Length
V. Stability of articulation

The articulatory classification of English vowels

Vowels

rounded
/o,o:,u,u:/

unrounded

/i:,i,e,æ,Λ,α:,ə:,ə/

According to the

degree of muscular tension

lax

tense

According to the

character of the end

free

checked

Factors influencing the vowel length.

1)The position of a vowel in a word: /si: – si:d – si:t/2)
Word accent: forecast (noun) /´fo:kα:st/

forecast (verb) /fo:´kα:st/

3) The number of syllables in a word:
/ə:/ in ‘verse’ and ‘university’
4) The character of the syllabic structure:
open syllable: ‘her’ /hə:/; closed syllable: ‘earn’ /ə:n/
5) Sonority: /i:/ is longer than /α:/

According to the stability

of articulation

monophthongs
diphthongoids

diphthongs

diphthongoids

Resources:

https://youreng.narod.ru/teorph.html
https://en.ppt-online.org/307421

1.
2.

for attention!