Periodic Table divisions:

• The Periodic Table is divided into groups and periods.

• Groups run up and down.

• Periods run side to side.

• REMEMBER: "The groups! The groups! The groups are in columns! The rows! The rows! The rows are periods!

Periodic Table Groups:

• Groups are also called "families"

• REMEMBER*: Groups are in "columns!"

• Groups share common characteristics; i.e. All group 1 elements explode in water. All group 18 elements DON'T react.

• Fluorine and Chlorine are in the same GROUP (17), SO, they share the same PROPERTIES.

Periodic Table Periods:

• Periods run in rows.

• Each period has the same number of electron shells. i.e. Hydrogen and Helium have 1 electron shell. Lithium and Boron have 2.

• This means each period has the same number of ENERGY LEVELS!

Metals, Metalloids, and Nonmetals

• The periodic table is divided into 3 types of chemicals

• They are in alphabetical order: 1. Metal, 2. Metalloid, 3. Nonmetal

• Metals are the largest group

• Metalloids are the smallest group between metals and nonmetals.

Metals

• Metals are on the left side of the table.

• Characteristics include: malleable, ductile, shiny, and conductive (electricity and heat)

Metalloids

• Metalloids are on the stairstep between metals and nonmetals.

• Characteristics include: somewhat malleable, a little ductile, somewhat shiny, and conductive at high temperatures

Nonmetals

• Nonmetals are on the right side of the table.

• Dull, brittle, non-conductors

GASES ARE ALSO NONMETALS!

​Atoms Structure

• protons are positive and they are located inside the nucleus

• Electrons are negative and they are located outside the nucleus

• Neutrons are neutral and they are located inside the nucleus

ATOMS LIKE TO HAVE 8 ELECTRONS IN ORDER TO BE STABLE. ATOMS/ELEMENTS WITH LESS THAN 8 ELECTRONS WILL REACT WITH OTHER ATOMS/ELEMENTS IN ORDER TO ATTEMPT TO BECOME STABLE! THIS IS HOW ELEMENTS/ATOMS CREATE OTHER SUBSTANCES/MATTER, SUCH AS COMPOUNDS