Macromolecules are also called Biomolecules

They are small molecules that are necessary for life! Cells need them to work!

Carbohydrates

• Used for short-term energy

• Labeled as "sugars" in nutrition facts

• Foods with a lot of carbohydrates include bread and pasta

Carbohydrates

Monomer or "building block" is called a monosaccharide

Polymer is called a polysaccharide

Key examples: glucose (monomer), starch (polymer)

​Mono - means ONE

It is a singular component that makes up the larger structures of macromolecules. Each macromolecule has its own monomers.​

​​Monomer

​Poly - means MULTIPLE

A polymer is when two or more monomers bond together to make a larger, more complex macromolecule​

​​Polymer

SUGARS

Monomer - monosaccharide

Polymer - Polysaccharide; Disaccharide (TWO monomers)​

Sugar's monomers are:

1. Glucose

2. Fructose

3. Galactose​

​

​Carbohydrates

​

​Function of Carbohydrates

​Energy and Structure

The primary functions of carbohydrates is energy storage. Carbohydrates are types of sugars. Outside of energy storage, they can provide structure like the carbohydrate cellulose, which is the indigestible portion of plants.

---words that end in -ose are often sugars​

Polysaccharides= many sugars

• Starch =how plants store their extra sugar

• Glycogen= how animals store their extra sugar

• Cellulose=builds plant cell walls

• Chitin=builds the exoskeletons of crabs and insects

• Made by the process of dehydration synthesis

Lipids

• Lipids are used for long term energy storage

• Lipids include fats, oils, and waxes

• Foods that include a lot of lipids are oils and butter, some fish, nuts,and avocados

Lipids

Lipids are made of fatty acids

There are two types: saturated and unsaturated

Levels of Organization

Non-living

Living

Simple

Complex

Biomolecule

Life begins! →

INCREASING COMPLEXITY

DECREASING COMPLEXITY

ATOM

A basic unit of matter consisting of protons, neutrons, and
electrons.

Example: Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Sulfur

BIOMOLECULES

These are molecules composed of protons neutrons and electrons
that are made for living organism.Organisms are made up of organic
and inorganic molecules.

Examples:

Organic molecules: Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, and Nucleic Acid

Inorganic molecules: Carbon dioxide and water

CARBOHYDRATES

PROTEINS

LIPIDS

NUCLEIC ACIDS

ORGANELLES

Any number of organized structures within a living cell.
Ex. mitochondria, chloroplast and nucleus

The basic unit of life.

CELL

TISSUE

Specialized cells working together to perform a specific function.

Animal Tissue

Plant Tissue

ORGAN

A group of tissues working together to perform a specific
function.

PLANT ORGANS

A group of organs working together to perform a specific
function.

ORGAN SYSTEM

ORGANISM

An individual animal, plant, or single-celled life form.