Bones of appendages, pelvis

Appendicular

Bones of the spine & skull

​Axial

206 bones; but 1/20 people have an extra sesamoid bone somewhere

Flat

​​Long

​​Short

​​Irregular

Sesamoid

​Most firm
Absorbs Shock

Hyaline

Most Flexible
Rare
Maintains Shape of Structures

Elastic

Squishy
Lots of Collagen
Withstands sudden forceful compressions

​​Fibrocartilage

​​Cartilage

• Chondrocytes (Older cells maintain matrix)

• Lacunae (Little Holes that hold chondrocytes)
  
  
  

• Few cells

• Surrounded by Matrix

• Chondroblasts (Young cells - produce matrix)

  
  

• More air space

• Live Bone

• Trabeculae

• Filled with Red Bone Marrow

Spongy

• Densely Packed

• Mostly made of osteons

• No Marrow

Compact

​(Also a connective tissue)

Osteon

​Bone Cells & Matrix

Matrix - Osteoid (made of collagen, elastin & ground substance) mineralized with inorganic salts
Osteocytes - mature cells that maintain bone matrix, located in lacunae with processes stretched into the canaliculi
Osteoblast - build bone
Osteoclast - breakdown bone

Slightly moveable
Absorbs Shock

Cartilaginous

Freely Moveable

​Synovial

Fibrous

Sutures
Do Not Move

Types of synovial joints

Direction:
Oblique
Transverse
Spiral

​​Special:
Greenstick
Comminuted
Compression
Avulsion
Epiphyseal

Other:
Open/Closed
Complete/Incomplete
Displaced/Non-Displaced

Tubercle
Tuberosity
Condyle
Epicondyle
​Fossa

Groove
Facet
Foramen
Meatus/Canal
Fissure

Spine
Line
Crest
Process

Osteon Structure. (Osteon model, Complete Anatomy & Worksheet)

​Station 2

Bone Classification. (Bones, Skeleton & Worksheet

​Station 1
Activities 1A-D

​Station 3
Activities 2A-B

Bone Structure. (Fresh Longbone, Vinegar and Baked Bones)

​Center Table (window side)
Activities 3A-B

MICROSCOPES - no sign off, but LOOK AT THEM!

Bone Classification. (Bones & Worksheet)

Station 4
Activities 4A-C

​Center Table (Door Side)
Activity 6

​Windows
Activity 5

X-rays on light box

Joints. (Skeleton, Joint Models)

USE TEXT BOOK FOR JOINT NAMES

MICROSCOPES

NO SIGN OFF THIS WEEK BUT LOOK AT THE FOUR SLIDES AS THEY ARE FAIR GAME FOR THE PRACTICAL

Use the actual joint names!! These can be found in the text books on the table. Page 256.

ONLY UPPER LIMB JOINTS!

​Sign up on Canvas
You must come during your lab section
If you have accomodations - first slot ensures you the time needed. (If full - email Becca)

Open Lab THIS Friday 10:00am-3:00pm

• Once done, please leave the 3rd floor of HLSB

• Discussing it with anyone who hasn't taken it is an honor code violation

• Library has a bone box for practice

• If you are caught with your phone/smart device it will be assumed you were cheating and you will get a 0.

• 90 minutes

• Bring a Pencil w/eraser

• Clipboard with answser sheet provided

• Stations will be set up and you move around
  

Types of Questions

For something marked we can ask multiple things: Assume the middle of epiphysis is marked, we can ask:

• What region of bone is this? (Epiphysis)

• What type of bone is marked? (spongy bone)

• What substance is found here? (Red Marrow)

• What process occurs here? (Hematopoiesis)