The "e" changes to "ie" in all forms except nosotros and vosotros.
Verbs:
cerrar- to close
comenzar- to begin
defender- to defend
empezar- to begin
entender- to understand
pensar- to think, plan
perder- to lose
preferir- to prefer
querer- to want
recomendar- to recommend
sentir- to feel, regret

e to ie

Stem Changers

o to ue

The "o" changes to "ue" in all forms except nosotros and vosotros.
Verbs:
almorzar- to eat lunch
devolver- to return (object)
contar- to count
costar- to cost
dormir- to sleep
encontrar- to find
morir- to die
mostrar- to show
poder- to be able to
recordar- to remember
volver- to return (person)

e to i

The "e" changes to "i" in all forms except nosotros and vosotros.
Verbs:
competir- to compete
decir- to say, tell
pedir- to ask for
repetir- to repeat
seguir- to follow, continue
servir- to serve

pensar- to think, plan

Examples of stem changers (e to ie)

poder- to be able to

Examples of stem changers (o to ue)

pedir- to ask for

Examples of stem changers (e to i)

Tener

Tener means "to have". Tener is an e to ie stem changer. Remember we don't stem change in the nosotros or vosotros form.

You can use tener to say you have to do something.
Word order: form of tener + que + infinitive (don't take off the -ar/-er/ir-)

Venir

Venir means "to come". Venir is an e to ie stem changer. Remember we don't stem change in the nosotros or vosotros form.

Ir

Ir means "to go". It is irregular, meaning it doesn't follow normal conjugation patterns. Don't get it confused with the ending -ir.

You can use ir to say you are going to do something (simple future).
Word order: form of ir + a + infinitive (don't take off the -ar/-er/ir-)

Final thoughts

• Make sure you study vocabulary and culture as they are both on the Unit 2 test.

• Don't use outside resources.

• Keep up the great work!