Chapter one: Culture, Part A

True

False

Culture penetrates deeply into our thinking, becoming a taken-for-granted lens through which we see the world and obtain our perception of reality.

Culture provides implicit instructions that tell us what we ought to do and how we ought to think.

Culture cannot provide a fundamental basis for our decision making.

Culture also provides a moral imperative; that is, the culture that we internalize becomes the right way of doing things.

True

False

A tendency to use our own group's ways of doing things as a yardstick for judging others

The ways of our group are good, right, and even superior to other ways of life.

Ethnocentrism has both positive and negative consequences.

Ethnocentrism does not necessarily lead to discrimination against people whose ways differ from ours.

It does not counter our tendency to use our own culture as the standard by which we judge other cultures.

It looks at how the elements of a culture fit together, without judging those elements as superior or inferior to our own way of life.

Practicing cultural relativism can challenge our orientations to life.

Applying cultural relativism is an attempt to refocus that lens so we can appreciate other ways of life rather than simple asserting "Our way is right."

True

False

the movement of the body to communicate with others, are shorthand ways to convey messages without using words

a gesture's meaning may change completely from one culture to another.

gestures not only facilitate communication but also can lead to misunderstanding, embarrassment, or worse.

gestures cannot elicit emotions; they are not closely associated with emotional messages.

Language allows culture to develop by not freeing people to move beyond their immediate experiences

Language allows people to develop a shared past and future.

Language allows people to establish a purpose for getting together.

Language allows people to exchange ideas about events; thus, they are sharing perspective.

Value

Sanction

Positive sanction

negative sanction

mores

folkways

taboos

norms