Subject

the person(s) or thing(s) that is performing the action.

Examples:
Joe ran 6 miles this morning.

Taylor and Katie like Starbucks, puppies, and reading.

Verb

a word that indicates a physical action (“drive”), a mental action (“think”), or a state of being (“is”)

Examples:
Joe ran 6 miles this morning.

Taylor and Katie like Starbucks, puppies, and reading.

Independent Clause

a group of words that contains a subject and verb and expresses a complete thought.

Examples:
Jim studied in the library for his chemistry quiz.

Dependent Clause

a group of words that contains a subject and verb but does not express a complete thought

Examples:
When Jim studied in the library for his chemistry quiz . . .


Uh what? What happened when he studied? The thought is incomplete.

simple sentence

Needs a subject and a verb that shows one complete thought that uses a capital letter at the begininng and a punctuation mark at the end.

Examples:
They studied really hard for the test.

compound sentence

Contains two related independent clauses (complete thoughts) that are connected with a comma then a conjuction (FANBOYS) or semicolon (;)

Examples:

She finished reading her favorite book, and she created her book report.

ELA teachers love to read; they talk about books a lot.

complex sentence

Contains at least one Independent clause (complete thought) and a dependent clause

Examples:
Although she completed her book report, she still needed to work on her collage.

I will go to the park once it stops raining.