Week 3 Muscles of the face

Muscles of form and expression important to restorative art

Facial and Neck Muscles – Key Structures

• • Occipitofrontalis

    • Covers the top and back of the skull; involved in raising the eyebrows and moving the scalp.

  • Temporalis

    • Originates in the temporal region and inserts into the mandible; assists in elevating the jaw.

Facial and Neck Muscles – Key Structures

• • Masseter

    • Originates at the zygomatic arch and inserts into the mandible; one of the primary muscles used for chewing.

  • Orbicularis Oculi

    • Circular (sphincter) muscle surrounding the eye; responsible for closing the eyelids.

Facial and Neck Muscles – Key Structures

• • Corrugator

    • Small, pyramid-shaped muscle located beneath the frontalis and orbicularis oculi; draws the eyebrows downward and inward (frown expression).

Facial and Neck Muscles – Key Structures

• • Sternocleidomastoid

    • Allows the head and neck to rotate and tilt.

    • Originates at the sternum and clavicle; inserts at the mastoid process of the temporal bone.

Muscles of Facial Expression – Key Functions

•  Levator Palpebrae Superioris

  • Raises the upper eyelid; responsible for opening the eye.

• Procerus

  • Located over the bridge of the nose; draws the skin between the eyebrows downward, producing horizontal wrinkles across the bridge of the nose.

Muscles of Facial Expression – Key Functions

• Orbicularis Oris

  • Encircles the mouth; closes and puckers the lips (as in kissing or whistling).

• Levator Labii Superioris Alaeque Nasi

  • Raises the upper lip and flares the nostrils; involved in expressions of disgust.

• Levator Labii Superioris

  • Elevates and slightly everts the upper lip; contributes to expressions such as sadness or disdain.

Facial Muscles – Expression and Function

•  Zygomaticus Minor

  • Draws the upper lip upward and laterally; contributes to facial expressions like smiling.

• Levator Anguli Oris

  • Elevates the angle (corner) of the mouth; involved in smiling.

Facial Muscles – Expression and Function

• Zygomaticus Major

  • Pulls the upper lip backward and upward; creates expressions of smiling or laughing.

• Buccinator

  • Compresses the cheek; assists in sucking, blowing, and chewing by keeping food between the teeth.

Facial Muscles – Expression and Function

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• Risorius

  • Draws the corners of the mouth horizontally backward; associated with expressions like grinning or smirking.

Lower Facial Muscles – Expression and Function

• Depressor Anguli Oris

  • Lowers the corners of the mouth; contributes to expressions of sadness or frowning.

• Depressor Labii Inferioris

  • Pulls the lower lip downward and slightly outward; expresses irony or doubt.

Lower Facial Muscles – Expression and Function

• Mentalis

  • Elevates and protrudes the lower lip; wrinkles the skin of the chin (associated with pouting).

• Platysma

  • Tenses the skin of the neck and upper chest; depresses the mandible, assisting in expressions of fear or pouting.
    Let's learn how these muscles work together in a facial reconstruction.

Supportive and Functional Tissues

•  Fascia

  • A type of connective tissue that surrounds and supports muscles, organs, and other structures in the body.

• Glands

  • Specialized structures that secrete substances (such as enzymes, hormones, or fluids) into surrounding tissues or ducts.

Supportive and Functional Tissues

• Adipose Tissue

  • Commonly known as fat tissue; stores energy, cushions organs, and insulates the body.

Layers of the Skin

• Derma (Dermis)

  • The inner layer of the skin; contains blood vessels, nerves, glands, and connective tissue.

• Epidermis

  • The outermost layer of the skin; provides a protective barrier against environmental damage.