BASIC COMPUTER OPERATIONS & OPERATING SYSTEMS

when you switch on your computer, the looping process begins:

1. Checks whether all the hardware and software installed on the computer are working correctly.

2. Also, it loads all the files needed to run a system.

3. Starts the POST(Power On Self Test).

4. This checks the functioning of all the connected hardware, including primary and secondary storage devices.

5. Checks the contents of CMO (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) chip are checked.

6. It is a small amount of memory on the mother board that stores BIOS(Basic Input Output System).

7)The primary function of BIOS is to boot up anoperatinsyste on a computer.
8)It includes the instruction to load a basic computer hardware.
9)It is responsible for accusing or configuring the system settings like password, date, time.
10)Once the steps of BIOS is completed,the operating system is loaded into the RAM.
11)The OS then executes the pre-configurition startup routines to define user configuration.
12)Once these steps are over (BOOTING process is over), you can login to the computer with your username and password.The desktop of your operating system appears
,and you can start working on on the computer using the required software application.

​MINDMAP FOR " PROCEDURE FOR STARTING A COMPUTER"

​when you shut down a PC, the following things happen:

​when you shut down a PC, the following things happen:

• ​If a program contains unsaved data, you are prompted to save it.

• All the open application programs get closed.

• The operating system shut down by closing its programs, services, and processes.

• The power management hardware turns off the power.

• Now, you can turn off the computer's power supply.

A computer being a machine, cannot do anything on its own. It requires specific instructions on how to perform each and every task. Further, the instructions are to be converted to a language, which a machine understands. It means that the user cannot communicate with the computer directly. Thus, we require an interface between the user and the hardware. This operating system acts like that interface.The computer interprets the instruction given by the user with the help of an operating system. It is a master program, which makes our PC come alive and helps in running different applications.
The operating system is just like the principal of the school. The principal has various responsibilities regarding the management of the school, like supervising students, teachers, discipline, etc...In the same way the number of services are provided by the operating system. Imagine, what will happen if there is no principal in the school..?
Everything would become unorganised simliarly if the operating system is not working in a computer, .it will not be able to perform any operation.
The hardware provides the user with basic physical resources to work upon. The application/utility softwares empower with user to perform a variety of functions on the computer, like solving programs, creating documents, playing games, etc. Operating system acts as a coordinator between hardware and software.
some of popular operation system are windows, linux, mac os etc...

Functions of operating system:

• To manage and share the hardware/software resources of a computer system.

• To provide an interface to the user to communicate with the computer system.

• To communicate with each application or interactive user (or to a system operator) about the status of operation and any errors that may have occured.

• To secure the system and block unauthorised acess to the system.