​Pg Maharajaa Laila Muda Abdul Kahar

Pg Yusof bin Pg Rahim (P.M. Yusof)

Orang Kaya Shahbandar Ahmad

Pg Ali bin Pg Daud

Orang Kaya Digadong Yussof

Awg Abu Bakar bin Jambul

Pg Digadong Shahibul Mal (Chief Kadi)

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Seven Members of Tujuh Serangkai:

The Work of Tujuh Serangkai

• The members travelled to all four districts to gather the views of the local about having a constitution

• They toured the states in Malaya to study their constitution, prepared a detailed report of their findings, and advise the Sultan on drafting a constitution

• They also establised district councils and reorganised the State Council

• As a result of the Tujuh Serangkai work with SOAS III, a District Advisory Council was set up in all four districts by 1955 which allowed more local opinions and voice

• founded in 1956

• The Leader was A.M. Azahari

• Its policy was to oppose all forms of colonialism and demanded independence through constitutional means

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Partai Rakyat Brunei (PRB)

PRB: once a political party in Brunei (1956)

• PRB was critical when SOAS III declared his plan for a constitution.

• PRB wanted to implement a democratic system of government with Sultan as the constitutional monarch.

• It also supported the idea of a union between Brunei, Sabah & Sarawak.

• However, the British did not support the PRB & continued to discuss with the Sultan only.

Outbreak rebellion by PRB

• In December 1961, the PRB was angered by Brunei's participation at the MSCC Meeting at Kuching to discuss the possibility of Brunei joining Malaysia.

• On 8 December 1962, a rebellion led by the PRB broke out in Brunei Town to oppose Brunei joining Malaysia

• Brunei's army was still at its infant stage and could not suppress the rebellion. Brunei Town and parts of Limbang and Sarawak were attacked by the rebels

• SOAS III requested British help, and the rebellion was crushed in only two days after the British sent the British and Gurkha army.

• The Sultan banned the PRB after the rebellion.

• The Sultan was the supreme executive head of state

• Five councils were created: Legislative, Executive, Privy, State Religious Council & Council of Succession

• Five administrative posts were created: Menteri Besar, State Secretary, Attorney General, State Financial Officer & Religious Advisor

• Sultan had the power to appoint members to the Advisory Committee and the right to reject any decisions made by the committee.

Terms of 1959 Constitution (pt.1)

The Sultan;

• would be the president of the Council of Ministers and the Privy Council.

• had the power to appoint Speakers to the Legislative and State Religious Councils.

• had the power to declare State of Emergency if national security was threatened.

• The post of Resident was abolished and replaced by the High Commissioner.

• British retained control over Brunei's external matters and defense.

• Brunei achieved internal self-government.

Terms of 1959 Constitution (pt.2)

Malaysia Plan

• It was a plan to unite Federation of Malaya, Singapore and the three Northern Borneo territories (Brunei, Sabah & Sarawak) into a single of federation known as Malaysia.

• It was proposed by Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malayan Prime Minister, on 27 May 1961.

• The central government of Malaysia would be Kuala Lumpur.

• The plan was to prevent Singapore from turning into a communist states, by merging with Malaya

• The North Borneo territories would help balance Singapore's Chinese population

Malaysia Plan (continue)

• Britain supported this merger as it would solve the issue on how to withdraw from North Borneo territories and on how to grant independence for the three states of Borneo.

• Malaysian plan was formed on 16 September 1963 with Malaya, Sabah, Sarawak and Singapore