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Android is primarily developed by Google.

The initial development of Android began in 2003 by a startup company called Android Inc.

Android

In 2005, Google acquired Android Inc. and continued the development of the Android operating system under the leadership of Andy Rubin. Google released the first version of Android to the public in 2008

Android

Android releases are named after desserts or sweet treats in alphabetical order. Some notable versions include Cupcake, Donut, Ice Cream Sandwich, Jelly Bean, KitKat, Lollipop, Marshmallow, Nougat, Oreo, Pie, and the most recent being Android 11 and Android 12.

Android Naming

The Android operating system is based on the Linux kernel, which provides a stable and secure foundation. Android supports multiple programming languages, but the most commonly used languages for Android app development are Java and Kotlin.

Android OS

Why Linux?

Overall, the use of the Linux kernel in Android provides a solid foundation for stability, security, device compatibility, performance optimization, and community collaboration, contributing to the success and widespread adoption of the Android operating system.

• Everything that the user can see and interact with

• All user interface elements in an Android app are built using View and ViewGroup objects.

User Interface Components

App Bar (Action Bar)

Dialog

Notification

Toast

App Bar (Action Bar)

Dialog Box

Notification Area

Toast

ANDROID STUDIO ANATOMY

ANDROID STUDIO ANATOMY

Views

An object that draws something on the screen that the user can interact with

Common Types of Layout

Linear Layout

Relative Layout

List View

Grid View

LinearLayout arranges views in a single line, either horizontally or vertically.

Based on the layout's orientation attribute.

It is a simple and lightweight layout, ideal for simple UI structures.

Linear Layout

• Views can be aligned to the top, bottom, left, right, or centered within the layout.

• It offers flexible positioning and is useful for complex UI designs.

Relative Layout

• Used when the content of a layout exceeds the available screen space.

• It enables vertical or horizontal scrolling to view the entire content.

• It is commonly used for displaying lengthy text or lists that don't fit entirely on the screen.

List or Scroll View Layout

• Organizes views in a grid-like structure with rows and columns.

• Views can span multiple rows or columns, providing flexibility in designing grid-based UIs.

• It is ideal for creating complex grid-like UI layouts.

Grid View Layout