Industrial Revolution

I.

Water, Coal & Iron

▪ WATER is harnessed for manufacturing
▪ Provides energy for early machines

▪ Waterwheel

▪ Transportation of raw materials and

products

▪ Import of people and food
▪ Later steam for Engines

I.

Water, Coal & Iron

▪ COAL provides new energy source in

England, replaces wood/charcoal

▪ Steam engine developed to pump water

out of coal mines

▪ James Watt 1781

▪ Engine Age – used to automate

manufacturing

▪ Textiles, ships, trains, steel

I.

Water, Coal & Iron

▪ Coal provides energy to smelt

and forge IRON

▪ Iron supplies material for new

tools and machines, which
then provide better iron for
industry

I.

World Changers – Coal &
Steam

I. World Changers – The “Rocket”

I. World Changers – Steamships

I. Water, Coal & Iron

Cycle of growth

▪New tech > new energy > cheaper
products > higher wages > more
buying > new tech

I.

Water, Coal, & Iron

▪England proves perfect place for
development
▪Water – power, navigation
▪Coal – power
▪Liberty, Law and property

II. Division of Labor (Factories)

▪ New machines need SPACE

and POWER

▪ Production moves from

HOUSE to FACTORY

▪ Creates SPECIALIZATION

which DIVIDES LABOR

II. Division of Labor (Factories)

▪Greatly increases
production potential
▪ Smith: 20 pins/day to

4,800 pins/day

▪ reduces prices, increases

profit and wages

▪But also transforms society

III. Revolution

▪ FACTORY WORK differs from

country life

▪ Strict focus on time and

schedules

▪ Work is monotonous, hard,

dangerous

▪ Workers dependent on owners

not themselves

▪ Sickness, injury, bad business

III. Revolution

▪ Growth of CITIES as

people migrate to factories

▪ Issues of sanitation,

housing, recreational space

▪ People uprooted from their

homes, village, nature

▪ Chaos and loss

III. Revolution

▪ Rise of the MIDDLE CLASS or

BOURGEOIS (citizen of the town)

▪ Raised millions out of poverty
▪ Increased life expectancy
▪ More leisure time
▪ Brought new opportunities for wealth or social advancement

So What?

▪Industrial Revolution brings incredible growth in
PRODUCTION, TECHNOLOGY, MIDDLE CLASS
▪Reshapes society with FACTORY WORK and
CITIES
▪ENGLAND/US, again, at the center of WC and
modernity
▪Growing liberalism in the use of capital and labor