Lesson Objectives

• Explain what can be done to reduce the impacts of earthquakes and volcanoes.

Managing Volcanoes

• Spraying lava flows with water to cool them down and cause them to solidify.

• Digging diversion channels to divert lava flows away from settlements.

• Adding 'cold' boulders to a lava flow in an attempt to cool the lava and stop moving.

​Evacuation

Predicting Volcanoes

• Seismometers to record tiny earthquakes resulting from magma rising

• Chemical sensors - to record rise in sulfur levels

• Lasers - to detect physical swelling of the volcano

• Measuring subsidence - changes in rock stress and radon gas concentration

• Ultrasound - monitor low-frequency waves in the magma

Dealing with Earthquakes (People)

• Do nothing and accept the hazard.

• Adjust to living in a hazardous environment - strengthen your home

• Leave the area.

Dealing with Earthquakes (Government)

• Better forecasting and warning

• Building design, building location, and emergency procedures.

Prediting Earthquakes

• Measuring crustal movement - the small-scale movement of plates

• Recording changes in electrical conductivity

• Noting strange and unusual animal behaviour (Fish, carp)

• Checking historical evidence - trends in the timing of earthquakes in some regions

​Building Design

​Building Design

Pipeline on rollers

Tuned Mass Damper in Taipei 101

Safe Houses

What will your suggestions be?