​Titration is a laboratory technique used to determine the concentration of a substance in a solution.

It involves adding a known volume of a solution with a known concentration (the titrant) to a solution of the substance being analyzed (the analyte) until a reaction occurs, and the concentration of the analyte can be calculated based on the amount of titrant needed to complete the reaction.

Titration involves several steps, including:

​Preparation of the solutions: The unknown solution is placed in a flask or beaker, and a known volume of the titrant is measured out.

The titrant is usually added to a burette, which is a long, graduated glass tube used for precise measurement of liquid volumes.

​Indicator selection: An indicator is added to the unknown solution, which will change color or signal some other change when the reaction between the unknown and titrant is complete.

​Titration: The titrant is gradually added to the unknown solution while stirring until the indicator signals that the reaction is complete.

The point at which this occurs is called the equivalence point and is the point at which the number of moles of titrant added is stoichiometrically equivalent to the number of moles of the substance being titrated.

​Calculation of results: The volume of titrant required to reach the equivalence point is measured and used to calculate the concentration of the unknown solution.

​In titration, a burette is typically used to add the titrant slowly and precisely to the analyte solution, while the analyte solution is continuously stirred or swirled.

The reaction between the two solutions is typically monitored using an indicator, which changes color or other properties when the reaction is complete.