Properties of Water

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Objective

●

describe the structure of a water molecule

●

identify the special properties of water

●

explain how the bonds within and between a
water molecule affect the properties of water

The Structure of a Water Molecule

● 2 hydrogen atoms
● 1 oxygen atom
● Polar Covalent bonds
● Oxygen end (-) charge
● Hydrogen end (+) charge

Hydrogen Bonds

● The negative oxygen end of a water

molecule attracts the positive hydrogen end
of another water molecule forming a
hydrogen bond

● They are weaker than covalent bonds
● Each molecule can form up to 4 hydrogen

bonds

Properties of Water-Solid State

●

When water freezes it expands so it takes up more space as
a solid making its solid state less dense than its liquid state.

●

Prevents bodies of water from freezing from the bottom up

Properties of Water-The Universal Solvent

●

Water can dissolve many substances
because of its polarity

●

The charged ends of the molecule help
ionic substances to dissociate in water

Properties of Water-Cohesion and Adhesion

● Cohesion is water

attracted to water and
creates surface tension

● Adhesion is water sticking

to other surfaces

Properties of Water-High Specific Heat

●

Water has a high specific heat capacity

●

Specific heat is the amount of energy needed to raise 1
gram of water 1 degree Celsius

●

When heated or cooled much of the energy is used to break
or reform the hydrogen bonds so the temperature changes
slowly

●

Helps to moderate temperature