Glycopeptide Antibiotics Presentation
Presentation
•
Biology
•
12th Grade
•
Practice Problem
•
Medium
Nikitha T
Used 2+ times
FREE Resource
8 Slides • 8 Questions
1
Glycopeptide Antibiotics
By Nikitha, Charlotte, Talia, and Emma
2
What are
glycopeptides?
❖
Large, rigid molecules
❖
Selectively toxic with
hydrogen bonding
❖
Act against gram-positive
bacteria (i.e. those with a
peptidoglycan cell wall)
3
Multiple Choice
What kinds of bacterial infections do glycopeptide antibiotics treat?
gram-positive bacteria
gram-negative bacteria
4
What does it mean for bacteria to be
gram-positive?
❖
Gram stain determines what kind of cell wall the bacteria has
➢
positive/negative is determined by whether the bacteria retains the
violet stain
Many peptidoglycans joined
together
5
Multiple Choice
What is the difference between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria?
gram-pos = heavier membrane
gram-neg = lighter membrane
gram-pos = genetically modified
gram-neg = not GMO
gram-pos = peptidoglycan layers
gram-neg = no peptidoglycan layers
gram-pos = only peptidoglycan layers
gram-neg = yes outer membrane, only 1 peptidoglycan layer
6
How and where were glycopeptides
discovered?
❖
Discovered in the 1950s
❖
First glycopeptide antibiotics that were
discovered were Vancomycin 1 and Ristocetin 2
❖
Developed to treat MRSA (Staphylococcus
aureus), which is resistant to penicillin
❖
Vancomycin discovered in a strain of
Amycolatopsis orientalis on Borneo
❖
Excessive use of vancomycin has resulted in
numerous strains of vancomycin-resistant
enterococci (VRE)
Fig 1: Amycolaptosis orientalis
Fig 2 : Vancomycin’s chemical structure
7
Multiple Choice
Against what disease were glycopeptide antibiotics developed to treat and why?
E. coli, because it's typically found plant-based foods with cell walls
Strep, because it's penicillin-resistant
MRSA, because it's penicillin-resistant
Meningitis, because it requires selective treatments
8
How do glycopeptides work to kill bacteria?
https://youtu.be/BbtwNNe-lp4?t=311a ~ animation of vancomycin (type of glycopeptide antibiotic)
9
Multiple Choice
What part of bacteria do glycopeptide antibiotics target?
protein synthesis
cell wall synthesis
plasma membrane
essential metabolite synthesis
10
Multiple Choice
How does vancomycin (a glycopeptide antibiotic) work to disrupt the bacteria's cell wall synthesis?
acts as "molecular scissors" to cut the linkages of the peptidoglycan layer
prevents the cross-linking that binds the two peptide chains by noncompetitive inhibition, with vancomycin changing the shape of peptide residues
interferes with the production of cell wall proteins
prevents the cross-linking that binds the two peptide chains via competitive inhibition, binding to the residues itself
11
12
Multiple Choice
How did some enterococcal bacteria develop resistance to vancomycin?
overprescription of vancomycin
all of the above
people not finishing their dosages of vancomycin
exposure to other antibiotics with activity against anaerobic bacteria
13
Multiple Choice
What adaptation did enterococcal bacteria evolve to have in order to evade vancomycin?
different residues on the peptide chains that prevent vancomycin from inhibiting their cross-linking
changed the constitution of their cell wall to have different peptides that don't require cross-linking
stronger peptide chains that out-compete vancomycin
an outer membrane surrounding their peptidoglycan layers, preventing vancomycin from entering the bacteria
14
What are some ways to treat VRE?
❖
VRE = Vancomycin-resistant
enterococci
❖
Work in progress, first documented case of VRE was in 1988
➢
Membrane Targeting
➢
Backbone Modifications
➢
Hybridizing
15
Multiple Select
What are some ways to treat VRE?
engineer vancomycin to prevent the synthesis of cell wall proteins
stop prescribing vancomycin to patients who don't listen
backbone modifications
membrane targeting
16
Sources
1.
https://www.drugs.com/drug-class/glycopeptide-antibiotics.html
2.
https://biologydictionary.net/peptidoglycan/
3.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33470191/
4.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780080453828001933
5.
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01967563
6.
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Structures-of-glycopeptides-used-in-our-study_fig2_2
32721257
7.
https://synapse.koreamed.org/upload/SynapseData/PDFData/0079jbv/jbv-45-67.pdf
8.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5952257/
9.
https://www.nature.com/articles/ja2013117
10.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7SVGwiA7AyI&ab_channel=PharmacologyAnimation
11.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fOCXqYYDCqA&ab_channel=DrMatt%26DrMike
12.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BbtwNNe-lp4&ab_channel=MichaelDobson
Glycopeptide Antibiotics
By Nikitha, Charlotte, Talia, and Emma
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