Glycopeptide Antibiotics Presentation

What are

glycopeptides?

❖

Large, rigid molecules

❖

Selectively toxic with
hydrogen bonding

❖

Act against gram-positive
bacteria (i.e. those with a
peptidoglycan cell wall)

What does it mean for bacteria to be
gram-positive?

❖

Gram stain determines what kind of cell wall the bacteria has
➢

positive/negative is determined by whether the bacteria retains the
violet stain

Many peptidoglycans joined
together

How and where were glycopeptides
discovered?

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Discovered in the 1950s

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First glycopeptide antibiotics that were
discovered were Vancomycin 1 and Ristocetin 2

❖

Developed to treat MRSA (Staphylococcus
aureus), which is resistant to penicillin

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Vancomycin discovered in a strain of
Amycolatopsis orientalis on Borneo

❖

Excessive use of vancomycin has resulted in
numerous strains of vancomycin-resistant
enterococci (VRE)

Fig 1: Amycolaptosis orientalis

Fig 2 : Vancomycin’s chemical structure

How do glycopeptides work to kill bacteria?

https://youtu.be/BbtwNNe-lp4?t=311a ~ animation of vancomycin (type of glycopeptide antibiotic)

Developing

Resistance to
Vancomycin

https://youtu.be/BbtwNNe-lp4?t=365

What are some ways to treat VRE?

❖

VRE = Vancomycin-resistant
enterococci

❖

Work in progress, first documented case of VRE was in 1988
➢

Membrane Targeting

➢

Backbone Modifications

➢

Hybridizing

Sources

1.

https://www.drugs.com/drug-class/glycopeptide-antibiotics.html

2.

https://biologydictionary.net/peptidoglycan/

3.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33470191/

4.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780080453828001933

5.

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01967563

6.

https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Structures-of-glycopeptides-used-in-our-study_fig2_2
32721257

7.

https://synapse.koreamed.org/upload/SynapseData/PDFData/0079jbv/jbv-45-67.pdf

8.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5952257/

9.

https://www.nature.com/articles/ja2013117

10.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7SVGwiA7AyI&ab_channel=PharmacologyAnimation

11.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fOCXqYYDCqA&ab_channel=DrMatt%26DrMike

12.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BbtwNNe-lp4&ab_channel=MichaelDobson